自动化与人

“自动化”一词的含义说法不一。根据Chapanis的说法,自动化就是旨在改进人类生产和物质、能源和信息运用的技术,经过自动控制和程序元件的应用实现不同程度的自动化操作。在这个定义中所用的“人类生产”一词的含义是什么呢?它是不是泛指一直是人的生产,或指生产过程中实施各项劳动功能所必须参与的人? 这个问题还由于存在着生产过程自动化会导致     

德意志民主共和国科学院技术科学领域的任务与目标

基础理论研究对于加速科学技术的发展,其意义正越来越大,而技术科学方面的变革起着决定性的作用。德意志民主共和国几乎有百分之六十的科研人员从事技术科学课题的研究。     

Precision Blasting Excavation of Rock Face Beam in Underground Hydropower Station under Complicated Geological Conditions

To deal with the construction difficulties of the Xiang Jiaba underground hydropower station, such as complex geological conditions, narrow rock bench, high loads, high quality requirements and urgent time limit, the project adopted the concept of precision blasting. The explosive energy and rock mass fragmentation was well-controlled by taking reasonable excavation sequence, designing steel pipe drilling frame, with the addition techniques of double layer smooth blasting, well-distributed tiny charge, staggered arrangement of boreholes and pre-stressed anchors. These technologies ensured the excavation quality of the rock face beam, achieving successful blasting result: semi hole ratio in Ⅱ surrounding rock was 100%, 99.2% in Ⅲ surrounding rock and 90~97.3% in Ⅳsurrounding rock; under excavation was avoided and the average over excavation was only 2.9cm; the unevenness was 0~4cm, the impact depth of blasting and unloading was 0.2~0.7cm.