New Procedure to Derive the Performance Indices Associated with Reservoir Operation Rule

Stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) is extensively used in the optimization for long-term reservoir operations. Generally, both of the steady state optimal policy and its associated performance indices (PIs) for multipurpose reservoir are of prime importance. To derive the PIs there are two typical ways: simulation and probability formula. Among the disadvantages, one is that these approaches require the pre-specified operation policy. Illuminated by the convergence of objective function in SDP, a new approach, which has the advantage that its use can be concomitant with the solving of SDP, is proposed to determine the desired PIs. In the case study, its efficiency is also practically tested.     

步进式电弧螺柱焊枪及控制系统的研究

在深入研究电弧螺柱焊过程及传统电弧螺柱焊枪的基础上，提出了一种全新的设计思想，以此研制开发了步进式电弧螺柱焊枪及其控制系统．焊枪的机械结构部分以步进电机为动力机构，以螺旋传动装置为运动机构主体，实现了电弧螺柱焊所需的螺柱运动过程；控制系统以MCS-51单片机为主控元件，实现了对焊枪及焊接过程的控制．螺柱提起高度、送下深度、提起和送下速度等焊接参数的设定由程序控制，减少了人工调整的随机误差；同传统电弧螺柱焊枪相比，此焊枪的参数调节具有相互独立的特性，送下深度可以在更大范围内调整．