本氏烟β-1,3-半乳糖苷转移酶基因鉴定、进化及表达分析

β-1,3-半乳糖苷转移酶(beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase,β-1,3-GalT)是植物中特有的酶,作为蛋白质糖基化修饰通路中的重要酶,它可以催化β-1,3键将半乳糖苷转移至糖核心.本研究将本氏烟(Nicotiana benthamiana)作为材料,对其基因组中β-1,3-GalT同源基因进行了系统的鉴定,共得到12个基因.这些基因编码的蛋白序列均包含保守结构域PF00337和PF01762.将本氏烟12个β-1,3-GalT基因与栽培烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)、番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)和拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)中的β-1,3-GalT基因进行聚类分析,表明它们分化为2个主要枝(I和II),每个主要枝又进一步分化为2个亚枝.多数基因在根中表达量均较高,然而仅有6个基因在叶片中高表达.采用qRT-PCR,测定在叶片中高表达的6个β-1,3-GalT基因在农杆菌侵染情形下的表达水平,结果表明处于II枝上的基因表达均受到农杆菌侵染的显著诱导,而处于I枝上的基因无论对农杆菌侵染还是对照重悬液的注射,均表现一定程度的表达量的升高,暗示创伤胁迫可能使相应的基因表达升高,从而促进β-1,3-GalT酶进行糖基化修饰反应.     

Optimization of PZT-Based Radio-Frequency Filters

Analytical solutions are presented for the wave equation for the electrode-piezoelectric-electrode sandwich structure in film bulk acoustic resonators (FBAR). The impedance for lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT)-based FBAR was derived using the proper boundary conditions and material parameters. A method is presented to adjust the resonant frequency based on the process and material properties. Ferroelectric-based radio-frequency filters were designed using FBARs. An accurate result is given for the filter impedance which can be used for other piezoelectric devices.