RAGE is a multiligand receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily: implications for homeostasis and chronic disease

Receptor for AGE (RAGE) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that engages distinct classes of ligands. The biology of RAGE is driven by the settings in which these ligands accumulate, such as diabetes, inflammation, neurodegenerative disorders and tumors. In this review, we discuss the context of each of these classes of ligands, including advance glycation end-products, amyloid beta peptide and the family of beta sheet fibrils, S100/calgranulins and amphoterin. Implications for the role of these ligands interacting with RAGE in homeostasis and disease will be considered.     

MnO_4~－／MnO_4~（2－）间接电氧化油页岩制取有机羧酸

用ＭｎＯ４－／ＭｎＯ４１２－间接电氧化体系对黄县油页岩的氧化条件及产物进行了研究。实验结果表明此过程可在室温下进行，并大大节省了ＫＭｎＯ４的消耗。氧化产物中的水溶酸主要由Ｃ６～Ｃ２８的饱和脂肪族二元酸和Ｃ８～Ｃ３１的饱和脂肪族一元酸组成。氧化过程中固体燃料残渣的ＦＴ－ＩＲ分析表明，油页岩有机质的脂肪族结构优先被氧化。     

An inhibitor of Bcl-2 family proteins induces regression of solid tumours

Proteins in the Bcl-2 family are central regulators of programmed cell death, and members that inhibit apoptosis, such as Bcl-X(L) and Bcl-2, are overexpressed in many cancers and contribute to tumour initiation, progression and resistance to therapy. Bcl-X(L) expression correlates with chemo-resistance of tumour cell lines, and reductions in Bcl-2 increase sensitivity to anticancer drugs and enhance in vivo survival. The development of inhibitors of these proteins as potential anti-cancer therapeutics has been previously explored, but obtaining potent small-molecule inhibitors has proved difficult owing to the necessity of targeting a protein-protein interaction. Here, using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based screening, parallel synthesis and structure-based design, we have discovered ABT-737, a small-molecule inhibitor of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L) and Bcl-w, with an affinity two to three orders of magnitude more potent than previously reported compounds. Mechanistic studies reveal that ABT-737 does not directly initiate the apoptotic process, but enhances the effects of death signals, displaying synergistic cytotoxicity with chemotherapeutics and radiation. ABT-737 exhibits single-agent-mechanism-based killing of cells from lymphoma and small-cell lung carcinoma lines, as well as primary patient-derived cells, and in animal models, ABT-737 improves survival, causes regression of established tumours, and produces cures in a high percentage of the mice.     

MnO^—4／MnO^2—4间接电氧化油页岩制取有机羧酸

用ＭｎＯ＾－４／ＭｎＯ＾２－４间接电氧化体系对黄县油页岩的氧化条件及产物进行了研究。实验结果表明此过程可在室温下进行，并大大节省了ＫＭｎＯ４的消耗。氧化产物中的水溶酸主要由Ｃ６～Ｃ２８的饱和脂肪族二元酸和Ｃ８～Ｃ３１的饱和脂肪族一元酸组成。氧化过程中固体燃料残渣的ＦＴ－ＩＲ分析表明，油页岩有机质的脂肪族结构优先被氧化。     

NLLSF和Mont Carlo联立法解析电化学模型

非线性最小二乘拟合法（ＮＬＬＳＦ）和ＭｏｎｔＣａｒｌｏ法相结合建立电化学体系数学模型，克服了各自不足，集二者优点于一体，不仅计算迭代速度快，而且计算结果与实验值较吻合。     

Three-dimensional control of light in a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab

Optoelectronic devices are increasingly important in communication and information technology. To achieve the necessary manipulation of light (which carries information in optoelectronic devices), considerable efforts are directed at the development of photonic crystals--periodic dielectric materials that have so-called photonic bandgaps, which prohibit the propagation of photons having energies within the bandgap region. Straightforward application of the bandgap concept is generally thought to require three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals; their two-dimensional (2D) counterparts confine light in the crystal plane, but not in the perpendicular z direction, which inevitably leads to diffraction losses. Nonetheless, 2D photonic crystals still attract interest because they are potentially more amenable to fabrication by existing techniques and diffraction losses need not seriously impair utility. Here we report the fabrication of a waveguide-coupled photonic crystal slab (essentially a free-standing 2D photonic crystal) with a strong 2D bandgap at wavelengths of about 1.5 microm, yet which is capable of fully controlling light in all three dimensions. These features confirm theoretical calculations on the possibility of achieving 3D light control using 2D bandgaps, with index guiding providing control in the third dimension, and raise the prospect of being able to realize unusual photonic-crystal devices, such as thresholdless lasers.     

添加剂对粘结镍电极性能的影响

用球形Ｎｉ（ＯＨ）２做为镍电极的活性物质,讨论了电极中加入各种添加剂（如Ｃｏ、Ｚｎ、Ｂａ和Ｃｓ等）对涂膏式镍电极活性物质Ｎｉ（ＯＨ）２利用率、快速放电能力、放电电位、电极膨胀率和氧析出电位等性能的影响。电极中添加ＣｏＣ,Ｎｉ（ＯＨ）２利用率大大增加,电极快速放电能力增强,电极反应加逆性变好。电极中添加ＣｏＯ和一定量的ＺｎＯ或Ｂａ（ＯＨ）２能够抑制过充电时γ－ＮｉＯＯＨ的生成,降低电极膨胀率。     

酸性介质中煤电化学氧化动力学研究

在酸性介质中铁离子对煤浆电化学氧化动力学影响的分析,表明煤是由Fe~(3+)催化氧化的,且还原而成的Fe~(2+)在阳板上又氧化生成Fe~(3+)。推导出煤浆液中固体颗粒电氧化的数学模型。在含有Fe~(2+)的酸性煤浆中,用此模型计算了煤氧化化学步骤的速度常数。