基于形态特征的芒果树L系统建模及其可视化

树木是虚拟森林景观的重要要素,也是自然景观可视化中较难建模与表达的要素之一.传统的树木建模方法无法用简单规律描述形态复杂的树木,且生成的树木往往也忽略生物学意义.因此限制了其实用性.针对这些问题提出了一种能较为全面反映生物学形态结构特征的L系统树木建模方法,并以热带水果种类之一的芒果树为模型对该方法进行了初步的设计与实现,结果表明这种方法能生成植物学形态特征的、具有不同树龄的三维逼真芒果树.     

褐柳莺喙形态与鸣声特征关系

为探究喙形态和鸣声频率间的关系,2015年7月5日至8月10日的上午5:00至10:00,天气良好条件下(无风、无雨),对处于河北塞罕坝繁殖期的33只褐柳莺(Phylloscopus fuscatus)进行了研究.结果发现:嘴峰和嘴裂与句子最高频率、最低频率、最大频率和频宽之间均无相关性;嘴峰和颤音最低频率之间成负相关,但是和最高频率、最大频率和频宽之间却无相关性;嘴裂和颤音特征间均无相关性.研究结果表明:嘴峰可以提供颤音最低频率的相关信息,声道可以影响声音的特性.     

大陆边缘三角洲盆地油气成藏特征类比研究

大陆边缘三角洲盆地一直是油气最为富集的地区之一,世界上很多大的油气区均是分布在三角洲盆地,如西非尼日尔三角洲盆地,东非鲁伍玛盆地三角洲和印尼库泰盆地马哈坎三角洲等。通过对不同类型大陆边缘三角洲盆地油气地质条件的差异性对比研究,明确在不同构造演化阶段发育的三角洲盆地的盆地结构、内部构造样式、烃源岩特征及成藏模式均存在明显差异。其中,漂移期发育的尼日尔三角洲和鲁伍玛盆地三角洲重力滑脱推覆构造体系发育。在裂陷期拗陷阶段发育的库泰盆地马哈坎三角洲重力滑脱推覆构造体系不发育。马哈坎三角洲和尼日尔三角洲盆地的主力烃源岩均来自三角洲体系,以生油为主,具有自生自储,近源成藏的特点。东非鲁伍玛盆地烃源岩为下侏罗统海湾环境海相烃源岩,主要生裂解气,具有阶梯式长距离运移,远源成藏的特点。     

白洋淀夏季鸟类群落及类群多样性

2016—2017年夏季,对白洋淀的鸟类物种组成、居留型、分布型、相对数量及珍稀种类等进行了调查.共记录鸟类14目31科66种,其中夏候鸟34种(60.90%),留鸟20种(38.44%),旅鸟11种(0.66%),冬候鸟1种(0.01%);分布型主要以不易归类型、古北型及全北型为主,其中不易归类型有16种(36.75%),古北型有16种(37.45%),全北型4种(15.91%);优势种3种(68.94%),常见种8种(23.22%),稀有种20种(6.78%),罕见种35种(1.07%);非雀形目中有2个优势科,雀形目1个.非雀形目鸟类G-F指数为0.642,雀形目为0.583.国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类1种,河北省重点保护鸟类22种,IUCN(世界自然保护联盟)物种红色名录中包含极危物种1种,近危物种2种.     

Effect of retained austenite and nonmetallic inclusions on the thermal/electrical properties and resistance spot welding nuggets of Si-containing TRIP steels

Five advanced high-strength transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP) steels with different chemical compositions were studied to correlate the retained austenite and nonmetallic inclusion content with their physical properties and the characteristics of the resistance spot welding nuggets. Electrical and thermal properties and equilibrium phases of TRIP steels were predicted using the JMatPro? software. Retained austenite and nonmetallic inclusions were quantified by X-ray diffraction and saturation magnetization techniques. The nonmetallic inclusions were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the contents of Si, C, Al, and Mn in TRIP steels increase both the retained austenite and the nonmetallic inclusion contents. We found that nonmetallic inclusions affect the thermal and electrical properties of the TRIP steels and that the differences between these properties tend to result in different cooling rates during the welding process. The results are discussed in terms of the electrical and thermal properties determined from the chemical composition and their impact on the resistance spot welding nuggets.     

A Proposal for the Automatic Computation of Envelopes of Families of Plane Curves

Journal of Systems Science and Complexity - The idea of envelope of a family of plane curves is an elementary notion in differential geometry. As such, its implementation in dynamic geometry...     

Metagenomic and functional analysis of hindgut microbiota of a wood-feeding higher termite

From the standpoints of both basic research and biotechnology, there is considerable interest in reaching a clearer understanding of the diversity of biological mechanisms employed during lignocellulose degradation. Globally, termites are an extremely successful group of wood-degrading organisms and are therefore important both for their roles in carbon turnover in the environment and as potential sources of biochemical catalysts for efforts aimed at converting wood into biofuels. Only recently have data supported any direct role for the symbiotic bacteria in the gut of the termite in cellulose and xylan hydrolysis. Here we use a metagenomic analysis of the bacterial community resident in the hindgut paunch of a wood-feeding 'higher' Nasutitermes species (which do not contain cellulose-fermenting protozoa) to show the presence of a large, diverse set of bacterial genes for cellulose and xylan hydrolysis. Many of these genes were expressed in vivo or had cellulase activity in vitro, and further analyses implicate spirochete and fibrobacter species in gut lignocellulose degradation. New insights into other important symbiotic functions including H2 metabolism, CO2-reductive acetogenesis and N2 fixation are also provided by this first system-wide gene analysis of a microbial community specialized towards plant lignocellulose degradation. Our results underscore how complex even a 1-microl environment can be.     

The significance of nitrification for oceanic new production

The flux of organic material sinking to depth is a major control on the inventory of carbon in the ocean. To first order, the oceanic system is at equilibrium such that what goes down must come up. Because the export flux is difficult to measure directly, it is routinely estimated indirectly by quantifying the amount of phytoplankton growth, or primary production, fuelled by the upward flux of nitrate. To do so it is necessary to take into account other sources of biologically available nitrogen. However, the generation of nitrate by nitrification in surface waters has only recently received attention. Here we perform the first synthesis of open-ocean measurements of the specific rate of surface nitrification and use these to configure a global biogeochemical model to quantify the global role of nitrification. We show that for much of the world ocean a substantial fraction of the nitrate taken up is generated through recent nitrification near the surface. At the global scale, nitrification accounts for about half of the nitrate consumed by growing phytoplankton. A consequence is that many previous attempts to quantify marine carbon export, particularly those based on inappropriate use of the f-ratio (a measure of the efficiency of the 'biological pump'), are significant overestimates.     

Multi-domain conformational selection underlies pre-mRNA splicing regulation by U2AF

Many cellular functions involve multi-domain proteins, which are composed of structurally independent modules connected by flexible linkers. Although it is often well understood how a given domain recognizes a cognate oligonucleotide or peptide motif, the dynamic interaction of multiple domains in the recognition of these ligands remains to be characterized. Here we have studied the molecular mechanisms of the recognition of the 3'-splice-site-associated polypyrimidine tract RNA by the large subunit of the human U2 snRNP auxiliary factor (U2AF65) as a key early step in pre-mRNA splicing. We show that the tandem RNA recognition motif domains of U2AF65 adopt two remarkably distinct domain arrangements in the absence or presence of a strong (that is, high affinity) polypyrimidine tract. Recognition of sequence variations in the polypyrimidine tract RNA involves a population shift between these closed and open conformations. The equilibrium between the two conformations functions as a molecular rheostat that quantitatively correlates the natural variations in polypyrimidine tract nucleotide composition, length and functional strength to the efficiency to recruit U2 snRNP to the intron during spliceosome assembly. Mutations that shift the conformational equilibrium without directly affecting RNA binding modulate splicing activity accordingly. Similar mechanisms of cooperative multi-domain conformational selection may operate more generally in the recognition of degenerate nucleotide or amino acid motifs by multi-domain proteins.