Systemic Indicators for Rural Communities in Developing Economies: Bringing the Shared Vision into Being

Community indicators have been a frequent focus of the scholarly literature. There has been little exploration, however, in relation to rural communities, especially in developing countries. This reflects the special challenges associated with the complexity of rural systems, and the difficulties involved in developing appropriate and systemic indicators for rural communities. Identifying indicators that help the community to monitor progress towards sustainable outcomes requires a framework that is both practical and holistic. This paper introduces a participatory systemic framework for identifying community indicators, which respects the principles of complexity and honours the sense of ownership present in the communities. This framework is an iterative, sharing, co-learning engagement process that extends from creating a shared vision and extracting its core messages, to identifying indicators of progress and determining what actions to try. Importantly, this framework enables us to rank the indicators identified by communities with reference to ‘leverage points’, the best places to intervene in the social-environmental system for transformational change. This framework provides a potential pathway for sustainable rural development and perhaps also for organisations and urban communities.     

Adrenergic blockade by iproniazid

Zusammenfassung 1-Isonicotinyl-2-isopropylhydrazin (Iproniazid) blokkiert reversibel den Angriffsort des Adrenalins im Furchgottschen Präparat der Kaninchenaorta. Die Wirkung wird der strukturchemischen Ähnlichkeit zwischen Adrenalin und Iproniazid zugeschrieben.     

Acyclic diterpenes containing 3 enol acetate groups from the green algaChlorodesmis fastigiata

Summary 2 new diterpenes, chlorodesmin (4) and dihydrochlorodesmin (5), each containing 3 enol acetate groups, have been isolated from Great Barrier Reef collections of the green algaChlorodesmis fastigiata (Chlorophyta, Caulerpales). Didehydrotrifarin (3) was also characterized.     

高斯杂波中距离扩展目标的模糊CFAR检测

为提高高分辨雷达的检测性能,提出了一种高斯杂波背景下距离扩展目标的模糊检测方法。该方法采用模糊恒虚警率(constant false alarm rate, CFAR)检测器代替传统的二进制CFAR检测器,将距离单元值转换成映射到虚警空间的模糊隶属函数值,然后采用模糊积累准则进行积累,得到检测统计量。研究了模糊代数积、模糊代数和两种积累准则,推导出这两种方法虚警概率的数学解析式。仿真结果表明,高斯杂波背景下模糊代数积积累较双门限二进制积累可获得近2 dB的性能改善。同时,模糊检测方法只采用单个检测门限,具有易于调节的优点。     

Pr3+/Tm3+共掺LaF3纳米体系中能量转移效应的光谱学研究

在较低的温度下用水热法制备了分散性良好的Pr³⁺/Tm³⁺共掺的LaF₃纳米颗粒. X射线衍射、原子力显微镜和透射电子显微镜等技术对纳米颗粒进行表征的结果显示, 纳米颗粒呈六方相, 平均粒径为30 nm. 通过激光激发LaF3:Pr³⁺/Tm³⁺共掺纳米体系中的Tm3+离子, 实现了Tm³⁺离子到Pr³⁺离子的能量转移, 观测到了因此而产生的荧光辐射. 运用光谱学方法对共掺纳米体系的荧光辐射性质进行了研究分析, 并对相应的能量转移机理进行了探讨.     

“名词”意义是否宽泛了点？

<中国科技术语>编辑部:收到你们的<中国科技术语>第一期,非常感谢.读了这期文章,深感不仅是刊物名称的改动,也看到内容的拓宽与提高.     

直波导耦合输出AlGaInAs多量子阱环形激光器研究

采用InP基InAlGaAs多量子阱激光器外延材料结构, 利用感应耦合等离子体(ICP)干法刻蚀技术和聚酰亚胺介质平坦化工艺, 研制了多量子阱半导体环形激光器样品. 该器件通过加正偏压的环形结构谐振腔实现光激射, 然后借助紧邻的直线波导耦合将光信号输出. 环形谐振腔直径为700 μm, 波导宽度为3 μm. 用光纤对准直线波导端口耦合测试了环形激光器的光功率-电流特性曲线和激射光谱, 其阈值电流为120 mA, 在注入电流160 mA时从直波导耦合输出得到激射光谱的中心波长为1602 nm, 并结合光功率-电流特性曲线对环形激光器中的工作模式进行了初步分析.     

Left-handed Z-DNA is induced by supercoiling in physiological ionic conditions

In physiological ionic conditions (200 mM NaCl), the (dC-dG)16 and (dC-dG)13 blocks in plasmid pRW751 are in a left-handed state when the negative superhelical density of the plasmid is greater than 0.972. As the salt concentration decreases or when (dmC-dG) sequences are present, less negative supercoiling is required to induce the right- to left-handed DNA transition. Furthermore, the single strand-specific nuclease, S1, recognizes and cleaves aberrant structural features at the junction between neighbouring right- and left-handed DNA regions.