直波导耦合输出AlGaInAs多量子阱环形激光器研究

采用InP基InAlGaAs多量子阱激光器外延材料结构, 利用感应耦合等离子体(ICP)干法刻蚀技术和聚酰亚胺介质平坦化工艺, 研制了多量子阱半导体环形激光器样品. 该器件通过加正偏压的环形结构谐振腔实现光激射, 然后借助紧邻的直线波导耦合将光信号输出. 环形谐振腔直径为700 μm, 波导宽度为3 μm. 用光纤对准直线波导端口耦合测试了环形激光器的光功率-电流特性曲线和激射光谱, 其阈值电流为120 mA, 在注入电流160 mA时从直波导耦合输出得到激射光谱的中心波长为1602 nm, 并结合光功率-电流特性曲线对环形激光器中的工作模式进行了初步分析.     

Levels of alpha1-antitrypsin in the spring and autumn seasons.

In a group of 84 pairs of 11-year-old children of both sexes, the level of the alpha1-antitrypsin (alpha1-AT) were ascertained in the autumn and spring. Although the mean levels of alpha1-AT in the two seasons hardly differed, the highly significant seasonal changes in the distribution curves of alpha1-AT values were noted in boys, whereas the levels showed higher stability in girls.     

Altered adrenergic responses of the coronary arterial bed in alloxan-diabetic dogs

Summary The conductivity of the coronary arterial bed increased in healthy and decreased in alloxan-diabetic dogs in response to intracoronary administration of norepinephrine or sympathetic stimulation. This suggests a modification of adrenergic receptors sensitivity in diabetes.     

Pigeons homing: Some experiments for testing the olfactory hypothesis

Summary Homing experiments on Swiss pigeons show that the birds use olfactory cues for navigational purposes and that outward journey detours influence their initial orientation.This work was supported by the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche and by the Swiss National Foundation for Scientific Research.     

Target organs of131I-chorionic gonadotrophine in immature female rat

Zusammenfassung Die Einlagerung von¹³¹I-HCG und¹³¹I-Serumalbumin in einige Organe unreifer Rattenweibchen wurde gammaradiometrisch gemessen. Eine signifikant erhöhte Akkumulation der Radioaktivität nach¹³¹I-HCG-Verabreichung wurde im Ovarium, dem Uterus, der Hypophyse und der Schilddrüse festgestellt.     

Ecological opportunity and sexual selection together predict adaptive radiation

A fundamental challenge to our understanding of biodiversity is to explain why some groups of species undergo adaptive radiations, diversifying extensively into many and varied species, whereas others do not. Both extrinsic environmental factors (for example, resource availability, climate) and intrinsic lineage-specific traits (for example, behavioural or morphological traits, genetic architecture) influence diversification, but few studies have addressed how such factors interact. Radiations of cichlid fishes in the African Great Lakes provide some of the most dramatic cases of species diversification. However, most cichlid lineages in African lakes have not undergone adaptive radiations. Here we compile data on cichlid colonization and diversification in 46 African lakes, along with lake environmental features and information about the traits of colonizing cichlid lineages, to investigate why adaptive radiation does and does not occur. We find that extrinsic environmental factors related to ecological opportunity and intrinsic lineage-specific traits related to sexual selection both strongly influence whether cichlids radiate. Cichlids are more likely to radiate in deep lakes, in regions with more incident solar radiation and in lakes where there has been more time for diversification. Weak or negative associations between diversification and lake surface area indicate that cichlid speciation is not constrained by area, in contrast to diversification in many terrestrial taxa. Among the suite of intrinsic traits that we investigate, sexual dichromatism, a surrogate for the intensity of sexual selection, is consistently positively associated with diversification. Thus, for cichlids, it is the coincidence between ecological opportunity and sexual selection that best predicts whether adaptive radiation will occur. These findings suggest that adaptive radiation is predictable, but only when species traits and environmental factors are jointly considered.