Genome-wide meta-analyses of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate identify six new risk loci

We have conducted the first meta-analyses for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) using data from the two largest genome-wide association studies published to date. We confirmed associations with all previously identified loci and identified six additional susceptibility regions (1p36, 2p21, 3p11.1, 8q21.3, 13q31.1 and 15q22). Analysis of phenotypic variability identified the first specific genetic risk factor for NSCLP (nonsyndromic cleft lip plus palate) (rs8001641; P(NSCLP) = 6.51 × 10(-11); homozygote relative risk = 2.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.84-3.16).     

大叶白麻叶化学成分的研究

从大叶白麻[poacynumhendersonii(Hookf)woodson]叶中分得2个木脂素类化舍物,经理化常数测定和光谱分析,分别鉴定为(-)-丁香脂素[(-)-Syringaresino1]和( )-松脂素-4-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙[( )-Pinoresionol-4-0-β-D-glucopyranoside].     

Detectable clonal mosaicism from birth to old age and its relationship to cancer

We detected clonal mosaicism for large chromosomal anomalies (duplications, deletions and uniparental disomy) using SNP microarray data from over 50,000 subjects recruited for genome-wide association studies. This detection method requires a relatively high frequency of cells with the same abnormal karyotype (>5-10%; presumably of clonal origin) in the presence of normal cells. The frequency of detectable clonal mosaicism in peripheral blood is low (<0.5%) from birth until 50 years of age, after which it rapidly rises to 2-3% in the elderly. Many of the mosaic anomalies are characteristic of those found in hematological cancers and identify common deleted regions with genes previously associated with these cancers. Although only 3% of subjects with detectable clonal mosaicism had any record of hematological cancer before DNA sampling, those without a previous diagnosis have an estimated tenfold higher risk of a subsequent hematological cancer (95% confidence interval = 6-18).     

Recombination rates in admixed individuals identified by ancestry-based inference

Studies of recombination and how it varies depend crucially on accurate recombination maps. We propose a new approach for constructing high-resolution maps of relative recombination rates based on the observation of ancestry switch points among admixed individuals. We show the utility of this approach using simulations and by applying it to SNP genotype data from a sample of 2,565 African Americans and 299 African Caribbeans and detecting several hundred thousand recombination events. Comparison of the inferred map with high-resolution maps from non-admixed populations provides evidence of fine-scale differentiation in recombination rates between populations. Overall, the admixed map is well predicted by the average proportion of admixture and the recombination rate estimates from the source populations. The exceptions to this are in areas surrounding known large chromosomal structural variants, specifically inversions. These results suggest that outside of structurally variable regions, admixture does not substantially disrupt the factors controlling recombination rates in humans.     

卫星导航设备时延精密标定方法与测试技术研究

分析和研究了卫星导航设备时延标定的方法,并针对卫星导航设备时延的特点,提出卫星导航设备时延应用统计量和稳定性来表征,并提出了基于射频采样和软件无线电的精密设备时延测量方法（RFSR）,能够准确地分析设备时延和设备时延的稳定性,通过仿真分析验证了方法正确性;通过建立试验验证系统,对可编程延迟线、电缆等设备的模拟测量,验证了该方法的正确性和优越性.     

Microhabitat partitioning by two chipmunk species ( Tamias ) in western Colorado

We examined microhabitat use of sympatrically occurring Tamias minimus (least chipmunk) and T. rufus (Hopi chipmunk) in a pi?on-juniper/sagebrush vegetative community near Molina, western Colorado, from October 1994 to June 1999. This community is dominated by 2 major microhabitat types: shrub (sage; Artemisia spp.) and tree (pine and juniper; Pinus edulis and Juniperus scopulorum ). Small mammals were live-trapped, marked, and released throughout this study. When it was the most abundant Tamias species on the study plots (1994-1997), Tamias minimus captures were associated with trees. Tamias rufus also exhibited this association but was captured at very low abundances during this period. Tamias rufus abundance was much greater, on average, than that of T. minimus between 1998 and 1999. During this time T. minimus captures were not associated with trees, but T. rufus captures remained associated with trees. As has been previously reported for other Tamias species, the greater abundance of 1 of 2 coexisting congeners in select areas may play a role in the microhabitat use of these 2 chipmunk species.