全文获取类型
收费全文 | 27350篇 |
免费 | 205篇 |
国内免费 | 257篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 423篇 |
丛书文集 | 612篇 |
教育与普及 | 154篇 |
理论与方法论 | 80篇 |
现状及发展 | 9520篇 |
研究方法 | 906篇 |
综合类 | 15745篇 |
自然研究 | 372篇 |
出版年
2013年 | 261篇 |
2012年 | 416篇 |
2011年 | 841篇 |
2008年 | 534篇 |
2007年 | 579篇 |
2006年 | 563篇 |
2005年 | 573篇 |
2004年 | 522篇 |
2003年 | 501篇 |
2002年 | 449篇 |
2001年 | 863篇 |
2000年 | 853篇 |
1999年 | 695篇 |
1998年 | 295篇 |
1997年 | 321篇 |
1996年 | 325篇 |
1995年 | 297篇 |
1994年 | 291篇 |
1992年 | 551篇 |
1991年 | 496篇 |
1990年 | 541篇 |
1989年 | 445篇 |
1988年 | 467篇 |
1987年 | 432篇 |
1986年 | 382篇 |
1985年 | 494篇 |
1984年 | 367篇 |
1983年 | 304篇 |
1981年 | 256篇 |
1980年 | 343篇 |
1979年 | 688篇 |
1978年 | 581篇 |
1977年 | 551篇 |
1976年 | 472篇 |
1975年 | 531篇 |
1974年 | 663篇 |
1973年 | 579篇 |
1972年 | 588篇 |
1971年 | 701篇 |
1970年 | 926篇 |
1969年 | 726篇 |
1968年 | 624篇 |
1967年 | 653篇 |
1966年 | 596篇 |
1965年 | 433篇 |
1959年 | 264篇 |
1958年 | 400篇 |
1957年 | 304篇 |
1956年 | 269篇 |
1954年 | 263篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
This is a contribution towards a history and philosophy of modeling in its early stages in electromagnetism. In 1873, James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) hinted at the methodology of modeling at the end of his Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism. We focus on Maxwell's impact on physicists who immediately followed him, specifically Oliver Lodge (1851–1940) and George Francis FitzGerald (1851–1901). We begin with the role that the scientific concept of model played in the late nineteenth century, as assessed by Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906). We then discuss the role of hypothesis as a methodology, the appeal to (dynamical) illustration, and the way Maxwell applied model and working model in his studies of electromagnetism. We show that for Maxwell these key terms were kept distinct, but Lodge did not maintain these distinctions and, in this regard, FitzGerald followed Lodge. Notwithstanding Lodge's influence, Fitzgerald modified Maxwell's theory based on the mechanical model he designed, thereby implicitly taking the first step towards modeling. This methodology consists in drawing consequences from the (mechanical) model to the (electrodynamic) theory and modifying the latter in light of the functioning of the former. At the core of our argument is the thesis that it was a methodological novelty to move from the concept of model to the methodology of modeling. The introduction of modeling as a new methodology into physics in the late nineteenth century was a major event which deserves proper recognition. 相似文献
2.
R.S.K. Barnes 《Journal of Natural History》2018,52(1-2):87-113
Areas of the Knysna estuarine bay in the Western Cape are dominated by three endemic South African truncatelloid microgastropods, temporarily known as ‘Hydrobia’ knysnaensis (Krauss), ‘Assiminea’ capensis (Sowerby) and ‘Assiminea’ globulus Connolly. Although first described 80–170 years ago and present in abundance (up to 100,000 m?2), they remain surrounded by confusion and still await taxonomic assignment, largely because they appear most atypical members of their groups by virtue of anatomy and/or biogeography and/or habitat. This study contributes in-life perspectives to morphological and phylogenetic analyses known to be on-going. At Knysna, they are syntopic: at least two occurring in >85% and all three in >40% of individual 0.0026 m2 samples from their region of dominance. Nevertheless, they tend to greater abundance in divergent microhabitats; ‘A.’ globulus dominating higher tidal levels, and ‘A.’ capensis and ‘Hydrobia’ lower ones; the former especially unvegetated sediment, the latter, if anything, seagrass. Interspecific feeding interactions appear unlikely to be responsible for these patterns, other evidence suggesting that all are maintained below carrying capacity. Field biology of ‘H.’ knysnaensis generally appears equivalent to that of northern-hemisphere intertidal hydrobiids and that of ‘A.’ globulus is typically assimineid, albeit at atypically low shore height. Unlike assimineids, however, ‘A.’ capensis is truly aquatic. The success of these truncatelloids in unusual circumstances may be consequent on the absence from South Africa of other microgastropod groups that fill their niches elsewhere in the southern hemisphere. 相似文献
3.
沈洁 《重庆三峡学院学报》2015,(4)
动画片《熊出没》不仅获得了极高的收视率,还获得了“金猴奖”中动画系列片金奖和动画形象金奖两个重量级奖项。该动画片成功的关键在于动画角色的塑造,通过三个主要角色:聪明的熊大、好吃懒做的熊二及顶着大光头的伐木工人,角色设定相对单调,但仍然受到大众的喜爱,原因就在于“创意”独特,符合受众的感知能力,满足了受众群体的视觉需求。在形象塑造上通过故事情节现代化的演绎、夸张动作安排、独特的地方口音和流行化语言风格等富有人性化的艺术表现形式,刻画了三个角色的性格,符合读者的审美期待,实现了虚拟动画和真实受众之间的沟通。 相似文献
4.
5.
在图书馆的五要素中,人力资源是图书馆的重要组成要素,没有高素质的人力资源队伍,高效图书馆的建设也就成了一句空话,文章论述了人力资源的含义,对人力资源建设的重要性进行了分析,对图书馆人力资源建设方面提出了一些建议和方案。 相似文献
6.
7.
自主机器人人工进化方法研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在介绍人工进化研究状况的基础上 ,着重阐述了进化机器人学的关键问题 :基本概念、进化技术、进化计算和实验研究方法等 ,探索了进化机器人学未来的研究趋势及所面临的挑战 . 相似文献
8.
The shrink proofing on wool with treatment of protease named Argaenzyme STL was studied. The various pretreating auxiliaries, different parameters for protease treating process and the effect of stabilizer were discussed in detail. The varieties of some properties before and after protease treatment were also investigated. 相似文献
9.
10.
沈守范 《南京理工大学学报(自然科学版)》1986,(4)
本文对文[1]中的有关公式用向量的矩阵表示法重新推导。此外还导出了一些有用的关系式。实践表明向量的矩阵表示法是描述刚体运动的有效工具,可以使问题变得简单明了,也便于分析各种方法之间的关系。 相似文献