吸附制冷系统中吸附床的传热传质分析及结构设计

对化学吸附制冷系统中吸附剂颗粒之间以及整个吸附床的传热传质特性进行了分析，并总结了目前国内外强化吸附床传热传质性能的主要措施和方法．分析比较了两种用于化学吸附制冷的典型吸附床结构，在此基础上设计了一种新型的吸附床．     

肌肉自发振动过程中结合几率与化学反应速率的变化

定量分析肌球蛋白与肌动蛋白丝的结合几率及相关化学反应的速率常数,对于准确掌握肌肉收缩的内在机制具有非常重要的意义.以肌肉自发振动的实验结果为依据,从振动过程所满足的动力学方程出发,推导出结合几率与肌丝滑行速度及肌节长度之间的定量关系,并求得化学反应速率随肌肉收缩的速度变化而改变的数学规律.结果显示,结合几率的基准值由溶液中主要化学成分的浓度决定;结合几率的变化值与肌肉收缩的速度成正比,与肌节长度成反比;而化学反应速率随收缩速度按指数规律变化.上述结果与实验值基本一致.     

Diet composition of an invasive population of Lithobates catesbeianus (American Bullfrog) from Argentina

The American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus has been introduced around the world, with invasive populations reported from almost all South American countries. A population of this species was introduced in the Calingasta department of San Juan province, which is an arid environment in western Argentina. This work provides information on the dietary composition of an invasive population of L. catesbeianus, and compares the degree of dietary overlap between adults and juveniles. Stomach contents of 169 bullfrogs (82 adults and 87 juveniles) were analysed. Adults consumed 40 prey taxa and Hymenoptera (Insecta) was the most numerous prey item (41.8%), followed by Araneae (13.6%) and Aeglidae (13.4%). Juveniles consumed 29 prey taxa and Hymenoptera constituted the highest percentage in prey number (77.2%). The trophic overlap niche index at the same level shows a value of 0.64 overlap in dietary community between adults and juveniles of this bullfrog. Aeglidae was volumetrically the most important trophic item (25.4%), followed by Anura (25.02%). Our results showed that cannibalism in bullfrogs is more common than the consumption of native anurans, coinciding with that reported in other populations of introduced bullfrogs. The high similarity in the diets of both size classes and the association between the size of the predator and prey suggest that the impact caused by bullfrogs throughout their ontogeny is high and probably has an impact on their prey. Freshwater crabs are the main items in the diet of Lithobates catesbeianus in other introduced populations and are usually the most conspicuous at our study site. The crabs in freshwater ecosystems are part of the lowest trophic level in the food chain. The major threats to the southern region’s freshwater crabs include deforestation, farming and exotic species. Lithobates catesbeianus has a generalist diet and high overlap between adults and juveniles.     

Exploring Survey‐Based Inflation Forecasts

This paper first shows that survey‐based expectations (SBE) outperform standard time series models in US quarterly inflation out‐of‐sample prediction and that the term structure of survey‐based inflation forecasts has predictive power over the path of future inflation changes. It then proposes some empirical explanations for the forecasting success of survey‐based inflation expectations. We show that SBE pool a large amount of heterogeneous information on inflation expectations and react more flexibly and accurately to macro conditions both contemporaneously and dynamically. We illustrate the flexibility of SBE forecasts in the context of the 2008 financial crisis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Interhemispheric climate links revealed by late-glacial cooling episode in southern Chile

Understanding the relative timings of climate events in the Northern and Southern hemispheres is a prerequisite for determining the causes of abrupt climate changes. But climate records from the Patagonian Andes and New Zealand for the period of transition from glacial to interglacial conditions--about 14.6-10 kyr before present, as determined by radiocarbon dating--show varying degrees of correlation with similar records from the Northern Hemisphere. It is necessary to resolve these apparent discrepancies in order to be able to assess the relative roles of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets and oceanic, atmospheric and astronomical influences in initiating climate change in the late-glacial period. Here we report pollen records from three sites in the Lake District of southern Chile (41 degrees S) from which we infer conditions similar to modern climate between about 13 and 12.2 14C kyr before present (BP), followed by cooling events at about 12.2 and 11.4 14C kyr BP, and then by a warming at about 9.8 14C kyr BP. These events were nearly synchronous with important palaeoclimate changes recorded in the North Atlantic region, supporting the idea that interhemispheric linkage through the atmosphere was the primary control on climate during the last deglaciation. In other regions of the Southern Hemisphere, where climate events are not in phase with those in the Northern Hemisphere, local oceanic influences may have counteracted the effects that propagated through the atmosphere.     

青海省唐古特铁线莲指纹图谱的构建

[目的]建立青海省唐古特铁线莲中齐墩果酸成分HPLC指纹图谱,为其质量控制提供方法学依据.[方法]采用HPLC法建立唐古特铁线莲中齐墩果酸指纹图谱,标示其共有峰与特征峰,进行相似度评价.[结果]通过对10批唐古特铁线莲药材的测定,标定15个共有峰和12个非共有峰,建立了测试样品的HPLC指纹图谱.[结论]该方法准确、稳定、可靠,可用于唐古特铁线莲的质量研究和评价.