不同林地清理方式下生物炭和氮添加对桉树红锥混交林土壤养分的影响

【目的】阐明不同林地清理方式下(火烧清理和人工清理)生物炭和氮添加对桉树红锥混交林土壤养分的影响,为人工林的经营管理提供参考。【方法】在火烧清理和人工清理林地的桉树红锥混交林中,设置生物炭和氮添加的控制实验,研究生物炭和氮添加对土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)、有效磷(AP)和有效钾(AK)含量的影响。【结果】不同林地清理方式下,生物炭和氮添加对林地土壤养分的影响存在差异:与对照相比,人工清理林地时,添加生物炭显著增加了20～40cm土层的AP含量;氮添加极显著增加了0～10cm土层的SOC、TP、AP含量和C∶N;10～20cm土层的SOC、AK含量,20～40cm土层的AP和AK含量也显著增加;而0～10cm土层的N∶P则极显著降低。林地清理方式为火烧清理时,生物炭添加极显著增加0～10cm土层的TP含量,而0～10cm、10～20cm土层的SOC和AK含量,0～10cm土层的C∶N,10～20cm的AP∶TP、C∶P以及0～10cm、10～20cm、20～40cm土层的AK∶TK显著降低,0～10cm土层的AP含量、AP∶TP、C∶P和N∶P更是极显著降低。氮添加显著降低10～20cm土层的N∶P以及0～10cm土层的AP∶TP,0～10cm土层的AP含量以及10～20cm的TN含量下降达到极显著水平。【结论】人工清理林地条件下,实施生物炭和氮添加有利于提高桉树红锥混交林的土壤养分。     

城市二级排水回用作循环冷却水处理技术

城市二级排水回用作循环冷却水 ,重点是应去除二级排水中的COD和氨氮 ,本文介绍了相关的净化技术 ,并对其进行了评价     

海南省部分旅游区公众环境意识的调查与思考

环境保护是我国一项基本国策,关系着经济和社会发展.公众的环境意识对于环境保护工作的成效有极大影响.经调查,海南省旅游区公众环境意识与公众的文化程度、环境保护法规的宣传教育、旅游区的环境管理等有关联.     

Common variants at 12q15 and 12q24 are associated with infant head circumference

To identify genetic variants associated with head circumference in infancy, we performed a meta-analysis of seven genome-wide association studies (GWAS) (N = 10,768 individuals of European ancestry enrolled in pregnancy and/or birth cohorts) and followed up three lead signals in six replication studies (combined N = 19,089). rs7980687 on chromosome 12q24 (P = 8.1 × 10(-9)) and rs1042725 on chromosome 12q15 (P = 2.8 × 10(-10)) were robustly associated with head circumference in infancy. Although these loci have previously been associated with adult height, their effects on infant head circumference were largely independent of height (P = 3.8 × 10(-7) for rs7980687 and P = 1.3 × 10(-7) for rs1042725 after adjustment for infant height). A third signal, rs11655470 on chromosome 17q21, showed suggestive evidence of association with head circumference (P = 3.9 × 10(-6)). SNPs correlated to the 17q21 signal have shown genome-wide association with adult intracranial volume, Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, indicating that a common genetic variant in this region might link early brain growth with neurological disease in later life.     

高校图书馆人力资源的开发与继续教育

本文分析我国高校图书馆人力资源的现状,论述人力资源的概念和特征以及人力资源开发的含义和内容,最后提出了图书馆员继续教育的原则和途径.     

断面一体化系统在山区高速公路测量中的应用

根据道路设计信息,推导出线路坐标系下任意中桩点的坐标计算公式和横断面方位角,由计算得到的横断面方向指导野外GPS断面测量.在测量过程中引入Windows CE技术,采用嵌入式编程对GPS采集的数据实时进行处理,重点对GPS数据通讯模块、GPS数据实时显示模块、横断面碎步测量模块进行了设计和研究.解决了山区高速公路断面测量自由设站的难题,实现了断面图形实时动态显示、内外业处理一体化的功能.该系统用于沪蓉西高速路的测量,结果表明:采用RTK(real-time kinematic)技术的内外业一体化系统能够实现山区高速路外业测量和内业处理的一体化.     

Common variants at 6q22 and 17q21 are associated with intracranial volume

During aging, intracranial volume remains unchanged and represents maximally attained brain size, while various interacting biological phenomena lead to brain volume loss. Consequently, intracranial volume and brain volume in late life reflect different genetic influences. Our genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 8,175 community-dwelling elderly persons did not reveal any associations at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)) for brain volume. In contrast, intracranial volume was significantly associated with two loci: rs4273712 (P = 3.4 × 10(-11)), a known height-associated locus on chromosome 6q22, and rs9915547 (P = 1.5 × 10(-12)), localized to the inversion on chromosome 17q21. We replicated the associations of these loci with intracranial volume in a separate sample of 1,752 elderly persons (P = 1.1 × 10(-3) for 6q22 and 1.2 × 10(-3) for 17q21). Furthermore, we also found suggestive associations of the 17q21 locus with head circumference in 10,768 children (mean age of 14.5 months). Our data identify two loci associated with head size, with the inversion at 17q21 also likely to be involved in attaining maximal brain size.     

A genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies new childhood obesity loci

Multiple genetic variants have been associated with adult obesity and a few with severe obesity in childhood; however, less progress has been made in establishing genetic influences on common early-onset obesity. We performed a North American, Australian and European collaborative meta-analysis of 14 studies consisting of 5,530 cases (≥95th percentile of body mass index (BMI)) and 8,318 controls (<50th percentile of BMI) of European ancestry. Taking forward the eight newly discovered signals yielding association with P < 5 × 10(-6) in nine independent data sets (2,818 cases and 4,083 controls), we observed two loci that yielded genome-wide significant combined P values near OLFM4 at 13q14 (rs9568856; P = 1.82 × 10(-9); odds ratio (OR) = 1.22) and within HOXB5 at 17q21 (rs9299; P = 3.54 × 10(-9); OR = 1.14). Both loci continued to show association when two extreme childhood obesity cohorts were included (2,214 cases and 2,674 controls). These two loci also yielded directionally consistent associations in a previous meta-analysis of adult BMI(1).     

两种不同截齿排列截割头性能的比较

为了评价利用等螺旋升角进行截齿排列设计的截割头的截割性能,选用了一个实际的截割头进行比较,通过计算机仿真获得两个截割头截割过程的切屑图和载荷曲线,经比较分析表明,用等螺旋升角排列截齿的截割头截槽合理,各段切屑图均匀,载荷大小及其波动较小,截割性能良好,所以用等螺旋升角排列截齿是一种高效、实用的截齿排列方法。     

氧化铝-壳聚糖-钯催化苯乙酮加氢的反应动力学

以氧化铝-壳聚糖-钯络合物(Al2O3-CS-Pd)为催化剂,在常温、常压下,以乙醇为溶剂催化苯乙酮加氢生成1-苯基乙醇,用气相色谱仪跟踪反应进程.结果表明,在实验条件下,反应对苯乙酮为零级,并提出了可能的反应机理.