热输入对深海X70粗晶区组织和韧性的影响

为解决深海X70管线钢在实际焊接中粗晶区(CGHAZ)的脆化问题,在不同热循环工艺下对X70管线钢进行了热模拟研究。采用Gleeble-3800热模拟机模拟X70管线钢CGHAZ,研究CGHAZ在10～60 kJ/cm不同热输入(HI)条件下组织和韧性的变化规律,并通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和夏比冲击试验等手段表征CGHAZ的组织和韧性。结果表明,不同热输入下试验钢的组织主要由粒状贝氏体(GB)、贝氏体铁素体(BF)和马-奥组元(M-A组元)组成;当HI不断增大时,BF比例减少,GB比例增加,M-A组元粗化,冲击吸收能先升高再降低;当HI为20 kJ/cm时,BF和GB可获得优异组合,断口为韧性断裂,冲击吸收能达到173.8 J;当HI大于20 kJ/cm时,断口解离断裂,冲击吸收能下降明显,最低为18.8 J。因此,较低的热输入可提高CGHAZ的韧性,使X70管线钢具有高强度、高韧性和良好的焊接性。研究结果可为优化焊接工艺提供理论依据。     

临近空间等离子体鞘套对太赫兹波传播特性分析

针对高超声速飞行器在临近空间巡航时出现的通信"黑障"问题,根据RAM C提供的飞行试验数据,建立一维等离子体鞘套模型,通过数值计算分析了等离子体与太赫兹波的相互作用机理,并从等离子体厚度、等离子体电子密度、等离子体碰撞频率和太赫兹波入射角等条件得到了太赫兹波在等离子体鞘套中的传输特性曲线。仿真结果表明:把太赫兹波段作为临近空间平台通信,有利于解决"黑障"问题,其中在大气窗口0.22THz处的衰减均在30dB以下。此论证结果可为临近空间平台设计的高超声速飞行器选用通信频段时提供参考。     

Hsp90 binds CpG oligonucleotides directly: implications for hsp90 as a missing link in CpG signaling and recognition

CpG motifs originating from bacterial DNA (CpG DNA) can act as danger signals for the mammalian immune system. These CpG DNA motifs like many other pathogen-associated molecular patterns are believed to be recognized by a member of the toll-like receptor family, TLR-9. Here we show results suggesting that heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) is also implicated in the recognition of CpG DNA. Hsp90 was characterized as a binder to oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing CpG motifs (CpG ODNs) after several purification steps from crude protein extracts of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This finding was further supported by direct binding of CpG ODNs to commercially available human hsp90. Additionally, immunohistochemistry studies showed redistribution of hsp90 upon CpG ODN uptake. Thus, we propose that hsp90 can act as a ligand transfer molecule and/or play a central role in the signaling cascade induced by CpG DNA. Received 18 December 2002; accepted 6 January 2002 RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author. B. Agerberth and G. H. Gudmundsson contributed equally to this work.     

Subendothelial retention of atherogenic lipoproteins in early atherosclerosis

Complications of atherosclerosis are the most common cause of death in Western societies. Among the many risk factors identified by epidemiological studies, only elevated levels of lipoproteins containing apolipoprotein (apo) B can drive the development of atherosclerosis in humans and experimental animals even in the absence of other risk factors. However, the mechanisms that lead to atherosclerosis are still poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that the subendothelial retention of atherogenic apoB-containing lipoproteins is the initiating event in atherogenesis. The extracellular matrix of the subendothelium, particularly proteoglycans, is thought to play a major role in the retention of atherogenic lipoproteins. The interaction between atherogenic lipoproteins and proteoglycans involves an ionic interaction between basic amino acids in apoB100 and negatively charged sulphate groups on the proteoglycans. Here we present direct experimental evidence that the atherogenicity of apoB-containing low-density lipoproteins (LDL) is linked to their affinity for artery wall proteoglycans. Mice expressing proteoglycan-binding-defective LDL developed significantly less atherosclerosis than mice expressing wild-type control LDL. We conclude that subendothelial retention of apoB100-containing lipoprotein is an early step in atherogenesis.     

基于社区森林模型的分布式重叠社区发现算法

重叠社区发现是复杂网络挖掘中的重要基础工作,可以应用于社交网络、通讯网络、蛋白质相互作用网络、代谢路径网络、交通网络等多种网络的数据分析,从而服务智慧交通、传染病防治、舆情分析、新药研制和人力资源管理等领域.传统的单机运算架构已经难以满足各类大规模复杂网络的分析和计算要求.人工智能领域的研究人员提出将社区发现应用到网络...     

The effect of kidney-bean leucoagglutinin on homograft rejection in mice

Zusammenfassung Nach der Wirkung auf die Überlebenszeit von Transplantaten bei Mäusen zu schliessen, besitzt Leucoagglutinin ausPhaseolus vulgaris extrahiert, eine nur schwache immunosuppressive Aktivität. Sie ist nicht deutlich mit der lymphozytenstimulierenden oder agglutinierenden Aktivität verknüpft. Eine starke akute Toxizität von Leukoagglutinin wurde festgestellt.

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Supported by grants from the Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, the Finnish Medical Research Council, the Åhlén Foundation and the Swedish Cancer Society.     

A simple check of the time homogeneity of Markov chains

In this paper we consider a population where the state of each individual follows a Markov chain. If the population is recorded for a very few periods only, it is still possible to estimate the transition matrix and to make projections into the far future. These forecasts are sensible if the chains are time homogeneous, but this is difficult to check if only a few periods are observed. We suggest a simple method to check this assumption, and obtain an upper bound on the time the process can have been time homogeneous. The method is also applied to a second-order Markov chain and to the mover-stayer model. AMS subject classification (1980): Primary 62M05, Secondary 62M20.     

Modulation of A-type potassium channels by a family of calcium sensors

In the brain and heart, rapidly inactivating (A-type) voltage-gated potassium (Kv) currents operate at subthreshold membrane potentials to control the excitability of neurons and cardiac myocytes. Although pore-forming alpha-subunits of the Kv4, or Shal-related, channel family form A-type currents in heterologous cells, these differ significantly from native A-type currents. Here we describe three Kv channel-interacting proteins (KChIPs) that bind to the cytoplasmic amino termini of Kv4 alpha-subunits. We find that expression of KChIP and Kv4 together reconstitutes several features of native A-type currents by modulating the density, inactivation kinetics and rate of recovery from inactivation of Kv4 channels in heterologous cells. All three KChIPs co-localize and co-immunoprecipitate with brain Kv4 alpha-subunits, and are thus integral components of native Kv4 channel complexes. The KChIPs have four EF-hand-like domains and bind calcium ions. As the activity and density of neuronal A-type currents tightly control responses to excitatory synaptic inputs, these KChIPs may regulate A-type currents, and hence neuronal excitability, in response to changes in intracellular calcium.     

解体好氧颗粒污泥修复

考察了加入新的活性污泥使解体好氧颗粒污泥完成修复的可行性.解体好氧颗粒污泥对新加入的活性污泥进行吸附,在各种选择压力特别是水力剪切力作用下和原有颗粒污泥形成一个有机整体.大约3周时间,解体颗粒污泥被完全修复.扫描电镜观察发现,被修复后的颗粒污泥呈现非常规则的结构,微生物相十分致密.在解体颗粒污泥逐渐被修复的过程中,颗粒平均粒径仅从最初的2.8mm增至2.9mm,说明活性污泥在颗粒污泥上的附着主要发生在颗粒的空穴.而颗粒污泥的沉降性能和强度都得到了极大的改善,颗粒沉降速率和完整性系数分别由最初的72m/h和56.8%提高到110m/h和65.8%.新加入的活性污泥除了部分用于修复解体颗粒污泥,其余在选择压力等的作用下形成了新的好氧颗粒污泥.