指纹识别技术在暂住人口身份证管理系统中的应用

随着计算机技术应用的普及和指纹识别技术的日益完善,现行的暂住人口身份证管理系统已逐步呈现出许多缺点和弊端.为解决近年来出现的诸多问题,使用本文提出的指纹IC卡暂住人口身份证管理系统,可以使被查者与本人身份完全一致,能够强化暂住人口的管理.     

Two new susceptibility loci for Kawasaki disease identified through genome-wide association analysis

To find new candidate loci predisposing individuals to Kawasaki disease, an acute vasculitis that affects children, we conducted a genome-wide association study in 622 individuals with Kawasaki disease (cases) and 1,107 controls in a Han Chinese population residing in Taiwan, with replication in an independent Han Chinese sample of 261 cases and 550 controls. We report two new loci, one at BLK (encoding B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase) and one at CD40, that are associated with Kawasaki disease at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)). Our findings may lead to a better understanding of the role of immune activation and inflammation in Kawasaki disease pathogenesis.     

The CD40/CD154 receptor/ligand dyadRID="†"ID="†" Review

Until recently, the expression and primary function of the cell surface receptor CD40 and its ligand CD154 were considered restricted to B and T lymphocytes, and their interactions required for the thymus-dependent humoral response. However, current work from several groups challenges this view of the CD40/CD154 dyad as a mere mediator of lymphocyte communication. A variety of non-lymphocytic cell types express both receptor and ligand, including hematopoetic and non-hematopoetic cells, such as monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle, and endothelial cells. Accordingly, ligation of CD40 mediates a broad variety of immune and inflammatory responses, such as the expression of adhesion molecules, cytokines, matrix-degrading enzymes, prothrombotic activities, and apoptotic mediators. Consequently, CD40 signaling has been associated with pathogenic processes of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, graft-versus-host disease, cancer, and atherosclerosis. This review focuses on the synthesis and structure of CD40 and outlines CD154/CD40 signaling pathways, and emphasizes the previously unexpected importance of the CD40/CD154 receptor/ligand dyad in a spectrum of immunoregulatory processes and prevalent human diseases. Received 10 January 2000; revised 16 June 2000; accepted 5 July 2000 RID="&dagger;" ID="&dagger;" Review RID="*" ID="*" Corresponding author.     

Variants of ENPP1 are associated with childhood and adult obesity and increase the risk of glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes

We identified a locus on chromosome 6q16.3-q24.2 (ref. 1) associated with childhood obesity that includes 2.4 Mb common to eight genome scans for type 2 diabetes (T2D) or obesity. Analysis of the gene ENPP1 (also called PC-1), a candidate for insulin resistance, in 6,147 subjects showed association between a three-allele risk haplotype (K121Q, IVS20delT-11 and A-->G+1044TGA; QdelTG) and childhood obesity (odds ratio (OR) = 1.69, P = 0.0006), morbid or moderate obesity in adults (OR = 1.50, P = 0.006 or OR = 1.37, P = 0.02, respectively) and T2D (OR = 1.56, P = 0.00002). The Genotype IBD Sharing Test suggested that this obesity-associated ENPP1 risk haplotype contributes to the observed chromosome 6q linkage with childhood obesity. The haplotype confers a higher risk of glucose intolerance and T2D to obese children and their parents and associates with increased serum levels of soluble ENPP1 protein in children. Expression of a long ENPP1 mRNA isoform, which includes the obesity-associated A-->G+1044TGA SNP, was specific for pancreatic islet beta cells, adipocytes and liver. These findings suggest that several variants of ENPP1 have a primary role in mediating insulin resistance and in the development of both obesity and T2D, suggesting that an underlying molecular mechanism is common to both conditions.     

Native skeletal muscle dihydropyridine receptor exists as a supramolecular triad complexRID="†"ID="†" Research Article

One of the central elements of excitation-contraction coupling, the voltage-sensing dihydropyridine receptor, is believed to exist as a high-molecular-mass complex in the triad junction. Although freeze-fracture electron microscopical analysis suggests a tetrad complex, no direct biochemical evidence exists demonstrating the actual size of the native membrane complex. Using a combination of various two-dimensional gel electrophoresis techniques, we show here that the principal α ₁-subunit of the dihydropyridine receptor and its auxiliary α ₂-subunit form a triad complex of approximately 2800 kDa under native conditions. Established Ca²⁺-ATPase tetramers and calsequestrin monomers were employed for the internal standardization of the gel systems used. Thus, the large voltage-sensing complex appears to be tightly associated, since it does not disintegrate during subcellular fractionation and native electrophoresis procedures. Our findings support the cell biological hypothesis that native dihydropyridine receptor units form a tetrad structure within the transverse tubules. Received 10 October 2000; revised 28 November 2000; accepted 4 January 2001