GPS桥梁三维位移自动监测系统的实现

阐述了一种利用全球定位卫星载波实时相位差分(GPS RTK)技术的桥梁三维位移长期实时自动监测系统。该系统根据虎门大桥悬索桥的结构和受力特点，布设了多个测量点，采用光纤网络等数据传输手段，满足了对桥梁长期实时监测的需要，从而能更好地分析桥梁是否安全。     

Future fitness and helping in social queues

Helpers in primitively eusocial and cooperatively breeding animal societies forfeit their own reproduction to rear the offspring of a queen or breeding pair, but may eventually attain breeding status themselves. Kin selection provides a widely accepted theoretical framework for understanding these societies, but differences in genetic relatedness do not explain a universal societal feature: the huge variation between individuals in helping effort. An alternative explanation for this variation lies in a fundamental trade-off faced by helpers: by working harder, they increase the indirect component of their fitness, but simultaneously decrease their own future survival and fecundity. Here, we show that individuals work less hard when they stand to lose more future fitness through working. We experimentally manipulated two components of future fitness in social queues of hover wasps (Stenogastrinae): a helper's chance of inheriting an egg-laying position, and the workforce available to rear her offspring should she inherit. After each manipulation, helpers increased or decreased their effort as appropriate to the change in expected future fitness that they experienced. Although helping provides significant indirect fitness benefits for hover wasps, our study shows that variation in the costs associated with helping is the major determinant of helping effort.     

Electrostatic trapping of ammonia molecules

The ability to cool and slow atoms with light for subsequent trapping allows investigations of the properties and interactions of the trapped atoms in unprecedented detail. By contrast, the complex structure of molecules prohibits this type of manipulation, but magnetic trapping of calcium hydride molecules thermalized in ultra-cold buffer gas and optical trapping of caesium dimers generated from ultra-cold caesium atoms have been reported. However, these methods depend on the target molecules being paramagnetic or able to form through the association of atoms amenable to laser cooling, respectively, thus restricting the range of species that can be studied. Here we describe the slowing of an adiabatically cooled beam of deuterated ammonia molecules by time-varying inhomogeneous electric fields and subsequent loading into an electrostatic trap. We are able to trap state-selected ammonia molecules with a density of 10(6) cm(-3) in a volume of 0.25 cm3 at temperatures below 0.35 K. We observe pronounced density oscillations caused by the rapid switching of the electric fields during loading of the trap. Our findings illustrate that polar molecules can be efficiently cooled and trapped, thus providing an opportunity to study collisions and collective quantum effects in a wide range of ultra-cold molecular systems.     

The BRIP1 helicase functions independently of BRCA1 in the Fanconi anemia pathway for DNA crosslink repair

BRIP1 (also called BACH1) is a DEAH helicase that interacts with the BRCT domain of BRCA1 (refs. 1-6) and has an important role in BRCA1-dependent DNA repair and checkpoint functions. We cloned the chicken ortholog of BRIP1 and established a homozygous knockout in the avian B-cell line DT40. The phenotype of these brip1 mutant cells in response to DNA damage differs from that of brca1 mutant cells and more closely resembles that of fancc mutant cells, with a profound sensitivity to the DNA-crosslinking agent cisplatin and acute cell-cycle arrest in late S-G2 phase. These defects are corrected by expression of human BRIP1 lacking the BRCT-interaction domain. Moreover, in human cells exposed to mitomycin C, short interfering RNA-mediated knock-down of BRIP1 leads to a substantial increase in chromosome aberrations, a characteristic phenotype of cells derived from individuals with Fanconi anemia. Because brip1 mutant cells are proficient for ubiquitination of FANCD2 protein, our data indicate that BRIP1 has a function in the Fanconi anemia pathway that is independent of BRCA1 and downstream of FANCD2 activation.     

环形MR—TMD半主动控制的研究

本文讨论了在TMD质量块上安装磁流变驱动器的一种控制装置,根据一定的半主动控制算法,得出所需的半主动控制力,通过调节磁流变阻尼器的参数来调节MR驱动器的控制力,实现对结构的半主动控制．     

浅谈杂散电流的产生、危害和防治

该文通过对井下架线式电机车直流牵引网络系统中杂散电流产生原因的分析,较全面地介绍了杂散电流在井下的危害,有针对性地提出了防止杂散电流产生和扩散的有效措施,对掌握和治理杂散电流有较大的帮助。     

粘土固化注浆帷幕对重金属离子的渗透实验分析

通过渗透实验研究了粘土固化注浆帷幕浆液配比对抗渗性能的影响,测试了其对重金属离子的抗渗性能,比较了不同重金属离子的迁移速度,并通过对比实验分析了其防腐性能.实验结果表明：粘土固化注浆帷幕的抗渗性能随着固相含量的增加而增强,且粘土对抗渗性能的贡献大于水泥;重金属离子在粘土固化注浆帷幕中迁移时可生成难溶的沉淀物,堵塞帷幕的导水通道,改善帷幕的孔隙结构和孔级配,使帷幕的抗渗性能随渗透历时逐渐增强;不同重金属离子在帷幕中的迁移速度不同,实验条件下的迁移速度Hg^2＋＞Pb^2＋;实验验证了粘土固化注浆帷幕具有较好的防腐性能.     

Induction of an interferon response by RNAi vectors in mammalian cells

DNA vectors that express short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) from RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters are a promising new tool to reduce gene expression in mammalian cells. shRNAs are processed to small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) of 21 nucleotides (nt) that guide the cleavage of the cognate mRNA by the RNA-induced silencing complex. Although siRNAs are thought to be too short to induce interferon expression, we report here that a substantial number of shRNA vectors can trigger an interferon response.