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Effectiveness of immune surveillance of intracellular viruses and bacteria depends upon a functioning antigen presentation
pathway that allows infected cells to reveal the presence of an intracellular pathogen. The antigen presentation pathway uses
virtually all endogenous polypeptides as a source to produce antigenic peptides that are eventually chaperoned to the cell
surface by MHC class I molecules. Intriguingly, MHC I molecules present peptides encoded not only in the primary open reading
frames but also those encoded in alternate reading frames. Here, we review recent studies on the generation of cryptic pMHC
I. We focus on the immunological significance of cryptic pMHC I, and the novel translational mechanisms that allow production
of these antigenic peptides from unconventional sources. 相似文献
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Massey R Rhodes J Ellis R Scoville N Leauthaud A Finoguenov A Capak P Bacon D Aussel H Kneib JP Koekemoer A McCracken H Mobasher B Pires S Refregier A Sasaki S Starck JL Taniguchi Y Taylor A Taylor J 《Nature》2007,445(7125):286-290
Ordinary baryonic particles (such as protons and neutrons) account for only one-sixth of the total matter in the Universe. The remainder is a mysterious 'dark matter' component, which does not interact via electromagnetism and thus neither emits nor reflects light. As dark matter cannot be seen directly using traditional observations, very little is currently known about its properties. It does interact via gravity, and is most effectively probed through gravitational lensing: the deflection of light from distant galaxies by the gravitational attraction of foreground mass concentrations. This is a purely geometrical effect that is free of astrophysical assumptions and sensitive to all matter--whether baryonic or dark. Here we show high-fidelity maps of the large-scale distribution of dark matter, resolved in both angle and depth. We find a loose network of filaments, growing over time, which intersect in massive structures at the locations of clusters of galaxies. Our results are consistent with predictions of gravitationally induced structure formation, in which the initial, smooth distribution of dark matter collapses into filaments then into clusters, forming a gravitational scaffold into which gas can accumulate, and stars can be built. 相似文献
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J Starck J Brun 《Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des sciences. Série D, Sciences naturelles》1977,284(14):1341-1344
Technical elaboration of in vitro incubation of Parascaris equorum gonads with 3H-Uridine has permitted, for the first time, the study of RNA synthesis during oogenesis along the whole gonadic tube. In germ cells, oocytes in diakinesis (oviduct) and in division of maturation (uterus) show no label. On the contrary oogonia and growing oocytes in ovary are labelled. RNA synthesis is always detected in all parietal cells but is more active in oviduct and uterus where the gonadic wall is particularly developed. 相似文献
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碲锡铅(Pb1-xSnxTe)是一种禁带宽度可调的三元化合物半导体,用它不仅可制备814μm的高灵敏度的红外探测器,而且可以制备长波红外可调谐激光器. 相似文献
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