A RhoGDP dissociation inhibitor spatially regulates growth in root hair cells

Root hairs are cellular protuberances extending from the root surface into the soil; there they provide access to immobile inorganic ions such as phosphate, which are essential for growth. Their cylindrical shape results from a polarized mechanism of cell expansion called tip growth in which elongation is restricted to a small area at the surface of the hair-forming cell (trichoblast) tip. Here we identify proteins that spatially control the sites at which cell growth occurs by isolating Arabidopsis mutants (scn1) that develop ectopic sites of growth on trichoblasts. We cloned SCN1 and showed that SCN1 is a RhoGTPase GDP dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI) that spatially restricts the sites of growth to a single point on the trichoblast. We showed previously that localized production of reactive oxygen species by RHD2/AtrbohC NADPH oxidase is required for hair growth; here we show that SCN1/AtrhoGDI1 is a component of the mechanism that focuses RHD2/AtrbohC-catalysed production of reactive oxygen species to hair tips during wild-type development. We propose that the spatial organization of growth in plant cells requires the local RhoGDI-regulated activation of the RHD2/AtrbohC NADPH oxidase.     

Dressler方程及其在反弧流动中的应用

本文采用Dressler方程这一非恒定浅水流动方程组,建立了溢流反弧曲面上的流动模型,用这一模型较好地计算了反弧曲面上压力与水深分布,并对流线坦化进行了研究.理论模型指出了在坦化小的条件下反弧半径的选择标准,计算结果与实验资料的比较表明,Dressler方程是一种有效的计算曲面边界流动问题的模型,其显著的简单实用性使这一模型具有一定的应用前景.     

Hepatic CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 2 deficiency causes mitochondrial dysfunction and promotes rapid progression of NASH and fibrosis

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of pathologies,ranging from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).The factors promoti...     

Phenotypic consequences of 1,000 generations of selection at elevated CO2 in a green alga

Estimates of the effect of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations on future global plant production rely on the physiological response of individual plants or plant communities when exposed to high CO2 (refs 1-6). Plant populations may adapt to the changing atmosphere, however, such that the evolved plant communities of the next century are likely to be genetically different from contemporary communities. The properties of these future communities are unknown, introducing a bias of unknown sign and magnitude into projections of global carbon pool dynamics. Here we report a long-term selection experiment to investigate the phenotypic consequences of selection for growth at elevated CO2 concentrations. After about 1,000 generations, selection lines of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas failed to evolve specific adaptation to a CO2 concentration of 1,050 parts per million. Some lines, however, evolved a syndrome involving high rates of photosynthesis and respiration, combined with higher chlorophyll content and reduced cell size. These lines also grew poorly at ambient concentrations of CO2. We tentatively attribute this outcome to the accumulation of conditionally neutral mutations in genes affecting the carbon concentration mechanism.     

绝缘栅控PIN二极管型晶闸管的研究

设计了一种新颖的绝缘栅控ＰＩＮ二极管型晶闸管（ＩＧＰＤＴ）．此结构绝缘栅ＰＩＮ二极管被用来有效地控制晶闸管的开启及关断．通过二维数值模拟研究了ＩＧ－ＰＤＴ的通导特性及开关特性．结果显示ＩＧＰＤＴ有与槽栅基区电阻控制晶闸管（ＴＢＲＴ）类似的导通特性,其栅控电流关断能力达几百Ａ／ｃｍ２,且电阻负载的开关速度是ＴＢＲＴ的三倍多．     

Dendrite growth increased by visual activity requires NMDA receptor and Rho GTPases

Previous studies suggest that neuronal activity may guide the development of synaptic connections in the central nervous system through mechanisms involving glutamate receptors and GTPase-dependent modulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Here we demonstrate by in vivo time-lapse imaging of optic tectal cells in Xenopus laevis tadpoles that enhanced visual activity driven by a light stimulus promotes dendritic arbor growth. The stimulus-induced dendritic arbor growth requires glutamate-receptor-mediated synaptic transmission, decreased RhoA activity and increased Rac and Cdc42 activity. The results delineate a role for Rho GTPases in the structural plasticity driven by visual stimulation in vivo.     

灌浆对地下连续墙及邻近土体变形的影响

在地下连续墙深基坑开挖工程中,开挖前常用灌浆的方法来加固将被挖去的软土,从而减少地下连续墙的变形,增加开挖稳定性,保证工程安全,但是,在灌浆过程中,灌浆的作用机制以及对地下连续墙及邻近土体变形的影响原理还没有得到很好的研究,以新加坡艺术中心地下连续墙深基坑开挖工程为背景。实测了灌浆施工过程中,地下连续墙的变形、超孔隙水压力以及地下水位的变化;再结合有限元的理论分析方法,研究了灌浆施工对地下连续墙及