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The maintenance of mucosal barrier equilibrium in the intestine requires a delicate and dynamic balance between enterocyte
loss by apoptosis and the generation of new cells by proliferation from stem cell precursors at the base of the intestinal
crypts. When the balance shifts towards either excessive or insufficient apoptosis, a broad range of gastrointestinal diseases
can manifest. Recent work from a variety of laboratories has provided evidence in support of a role for receptors of the innate
immune system, including Toll-like receptors 2, 4, and 9 as well as the intracellular pathogen recognition receptor NOD2/CARD15,
in the initiation of enterocyte apoptosis. The subsequent induction of enterocyte apoptosis in response to the activation
of these innate immune receptors plays a key role in the development of various intestinal diseases, including necrotizing
enterocolitis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and intestinal cancer. This review will detail the regulatory pathways
that govern enterocyte apoptosis, and will explore the role of the innate immune system in the induction of enterocyte apoptosis
in gastrointestinal disease. 相似文献
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人类乙型肝炎病毒的核衣壳由核心蛋白的二聚体所组成.但是,核心蛋白亚单位与亚单位之间相互作用的机制至今尚不清楚.研究发现,在人类乙型肝炎样病毒──土拨鼠肝炎病毒(WHV)核心蛋白的氨基端,存在着4个保守的疏水氨基酸残基(氨基酸位置101~102).它们分别是亮氨酸101,亮氨酸108,缬氨酸115和苯丙氨酸122.这4个疏水氨基酸残基以每隔6个氨基酸残基而重复出现1次.它们被称为“第7位疏水性氨基酸重复肽段(hhr)”.由于蛋白质中的疏水键往往在蛋白质的相互作用中起重要作用,因此就在培养细胞系统中研究WHV核心蛋白的hhr区域在… 相似文献
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俞民澍 《复旦学报(自然科学版)》1998,37(4):581-582
土拨鼠肝炎病毒(WHV)是一种哺乳类动物的肝炎病毒.这种病毒在结构和抗原怕与人类乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)非常相似.以往的研究报告指出,在一种称为鸭乙型肝炎病毒(DHBV)的Pre-S包膜蛋白中,含有一个特定区域.这一区域由天冬氨酸-天冬氨酸-脯氨酸-亮氨酸-亮氨酸(DDPLL)5个氨基酸残基所组成.已发现,这一区域在像DHBV这一类禽类乙肝病毒的病毒装配和分泌时所必需的(LenhoffR,SummersJ.JVirol,1994,68:4565~4571).在WHV的Pre-S包胰蛋白中第201个氨基酸到第205个氨基酸所包含的顺序,甘氨酸-天冬氨酸-脯氨… 相似文献
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