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Zusammenfassung Bei Zugabe von Vitamin A zum Zuchtwasser von Krötenlarven wird die Schwanzregeneration unterbunden. Ausserdem kommt es zu morphologischen Veränderungen (Taschenbildungen). 相似文献
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Wheeler DA Srinivasan M Egholm M Shen Y Chen L McGuire A He W Chen YJ Makhijani V Roth GT Gomes X Tartaro K Niazi F Turcotte CL Irzyk GP Lupski JR Chinault C Song XZ Liu Y Yuan Y Nazareth L Qin X Muzny DM Margulies M Weinstock GM Gibbs RA Rothberg JM 《Nature》2008,452(7189):872-876
The association of genetic variation with disease and drug response, and improvements in nucleic acid technologies, have given great optimism for the impact of 'genomic medicine'. However, the formidable size of the diploid human genome, approximately 6 gigabases, has prevented the routine application of sequencing methods to deciphering complete individual human genomes. To realize the full potential of genomics for human health, this limitation must be overcome. Here we report the DNA sequence of a diploid genome of a single individual, James D. Watson, sequenced to 7.4-fold redundancy in two months using massively parallel sequencing in picolitre-size reaction vessels. This sequence was completed in two months at approximately one-hundredth of the cost of traditional capillary electrophoresis methods. Comparison of the sequence to the reference genome led to the identification of 3.3 million single nucleotide polymorphisms, of which 10,654 cause amino-acid substitution within the coding sequence. In addition, we accurately identified small-scale (2-40,000 base pair (bp)) insertion and deletion polymorphism as well as copy number variation resulting in the large-scale gain and loss of chromosomal segments ranging from 26,000 to 1.5 million base pairs. Overall, these results agree well with recent results of sequencing of a single individual by traditional methods. However, in addition to being faster and significantly less expensive, this sequencing technology avoids the arbitrary loss of genomic sequences inherent in random shotgun sequencing by bacterial cloning because it amplifies DNA in a cell-free system. As a result, we further demonstrate the acquisition of novel human sequence, including novel genes not previously identified by traditional genomic sequencing. This is the first genome sequenced by next-generation technologies. Therefore it is a pilot for the future challenges of 'personalized genome sequencing'. 相似文献
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Zusammenfassung Einige Fälle werden berichtet, die vermuten lassen, dass das Rückenmark in den Ammocoeteslarven der Neunaugen die Fähigkeit besitzt, Knorpelbildung hervorzurufen. 相似文献
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Summary Rearing of the tadpoles of the frog,Rana breviceps, in solutions containing 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 15 IU/ml vitamin A palmitate resulted in reduction or complete disappearance of the keratinized epidermal material over the jaws and of the horny labial teeth. The tadpoles of the toad,Bufo andersonii, however, were not affected in this way at all by exposure to even 20 and 30 IU/ml vitamin A in the rearing medium. 相似文献
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Summary Young froglets ofRana breviceps do not possess the power to regenerate forelimbs after amputation through metacarpals. However, 5 min immersion of limb stumps in an oily solution of 150,000 IU vitamin A palmitate immediately after amputation, and once on each of the 3 subsequent days, induced definite though hypomorphic regeneration in 100% cases.Acknowledgments. This research was supported by a grant from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India. 相似文献
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I. A. Niazi 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1967,23(11):970-972
Zusammenfassung Die Linsenregeneration beim Hühnchen tritt nur auf, wenn die Embryonen am 3. oder 4. Bebrütungstage operiert worden sind. Wenn die Operation später stattfindet, tritt keine Regeneration auf. 相似文献
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