浑沌：它能有多少规律

40年前A.爱因斯坦给M.玻恩的一封信中写道,“上帝不玩骰子。”爱因斯坦是始终反对量子论的概率解释的,他不倦地探索着与经典力学更为直接的类比,即考虑没有概率不定性的确定过程。如今,40年过去了,没有人会惊讶:甚至在一个经典哈密顿动力系统中也存在着(chas)在物理客体规则运动的领域内,在没有人预期会有的地方冒出     

二甲基甲酰胺中Sm（Ⅲ）电化学性质及其合金膜研究

通过循环伏安法研究二甲基甲酰胺中Sm（Ⅲ）在Pt上的电化学性质,表明Sm（Ⅲ）在Pt上的还原为不可逆反应,同时测得传递系数α=0.0289,扩散系数D0=1.288×10^-5cm^2·S^-1;通过塔菲尔曲线求得交换电流密度i0=1.596×10^-7A/cm^2;对Sm（Ⅲ）在Pt上离子成核机理研究表明,Sm（Ⅲ）在Pt电极上是按三维模式扩散控制下连续成核的;用恒电位法可以制得有金属光泽、附着力好、表面均匀致密的Sm-Ni-Co合金膜,与Ni-Co合金膜相比较结构性能有所提高.     

Structural aspects of Golgi function

Since its discovery, the Golgi complex has attracted the attention of cell biologists because of its fashionable morphology and central position within the secretory system of the cell. Here, we discuss how the three-dimensional architecture of the Golgi complex relates to its multiple functions in protein sorting and processing, and how an analysis of the morphology of the Golgi complex can help to provide an understanding of the mechanisms involved in transport through this unique organelle.     

CtBP/BARS induces fission of Golgi membranes by acylating lysophosphatidic acid

Membrane fission is essential in intracellular transport. Acyl-coenzyme As (acyl-CoAs) are important in lipid remodelling and are required for fission of COPI-coated vesicles. Here we show that CtBP/BARS, a protein that functions in the dynamics of Golgi tubules, is an essential component of the fission machinery operating at Golgi tubular networks, including Golgi compartments involved in protein transport and sorting. CtBP/BARS-induced fission was preceded by the formation of constricted sites in Golgi tubules, whose extreme curvature is likely to involve local changes in the membrane lipid composition. We find that CtBP/BARS uses acyl-CoA to selectively catalyse the acylation of lysophosphatidic acid to phosphatidic acid both in pure lipidic systems and in Golgi membranes, and that this reaction is essential for fission. Our results indicate a key role for lipid metabolic pathways in membrane fission.     

Superinsulator and quantum synchronization

Synchronized oscillators are ubiquitous in nature, and synchronization plays a key part in various classical and quantum phenomena. Several experiments have shown that in thin superconducting films, disorder enforces the droplet-like electronic texture--superconducting islands immersed into a normal matrix--and that tuning disorder drives the system from superconducting to insulating behaviour. In the vicinity of the transition, a distinct state forms: a Cooper-pair insulator, with thermally activated conductivity. It results from synchronization of the phase of the superconducting order parameter at the islands across the whole system. Here we show that at a certain finite temperature, a Cooper--air insulator undergoes a transition to a superinsulating state with infinite resistance. We present experimental evidence of this transition in titanium nitride films and show that the superinsulating state is dual to the superconducting state: it is destroyed by a sufficiently strong critical magnetic field, and breaks down at some critical voltage that is analogous to the critical current in superconductors.     

Nickel solvent extraction from cold purification filter cakes of Angouran mine concentrate using LIX984N

Cold purification filter cakes generated in the hydrometallurgical processing of Angouran mine zinc concentrate commonly contain significant amounts of Zn, Cd, and Ni ions and thus are valuable resources for metal recovery. In this research, a nickel containing solution that was obtained from sulfuric acid leaching of the filter cake following cadmium and zinc removal was subjected to solvent extraction experiments using 10vol% LIX984N diluted in kerosene. Under optimum experimental conditions (pH 5.3, volume ratio of organic/aqueous (O:A) = 2:1, and contact time = 5 min), more than 97.1% of nickel was extracted. Nickel was stripped from the loaded organic by contacting with a 200 g/L sulfuric acid solution, from which 77.7% of nickel was recovered in a single contact at the optimum conditions (pH 1–1.5, O:A = 5:1, and contact time = 15 min).