Identification of low-frequency variants associated with gout and serum uric acid levels

We tested 16 million SNPs, identified through whole-genome sequencing of 457 Icelanders, for association with gout and serum uric acid levels. Genotypes were imputed into 41,675 chip-genotyped Icelanders and their relatives, for effective sample sizes of 968 individuals with gout and 15,506 individuals for whom serum uric acid measurements were available. We identified a low-frequency missense variant (c.1580C>G) in ALDH16A1 associated with gout (OR = 3.12, P = 1.5 × 10(-16), at-risk allele frequency = 0.019) and serum uric acid levels (effect = 0.36 s.d., P = 4.5 × 10(-21)). We confirmed the association with gout by performing Sanger sequencing on 6,017 Icelanders. The association with gout was stronger in males relative to females. We also found a second variant on chromosome 1 associated with gout (OR = 1.92, P = 0.046, at-risk allele frequency = 0.986) and serum uric acid levels (effect = 0.48 s.d., P = 4.5 × 10(-16)). This variant is close to a common variant previously associated with serum uric acid levels. This work illustrates how whole-genome sequencing data allow the detection of associations between low-frequency variants and complex traits.     

Die Transformation von Mesothelzellen in Hyaluronsäure produzierende Siegelringzellen

Summary After injection of PHA into the peritoneal cavity of rats, parietal mesothelial cells were transformed into hyaluronic-acid-producing signet-ring-cells.

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Die Untersuchungen wurden mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft durchgeführt.     

Zur Frage der genetischen Änderung eines Ascites-Hepatoms der Ratte durch Heterotransplantation auf chinesische Hamster

Summary Heterotransplantation of the rat hepatoma of Zajdela into golden hamsters, mice and Chinese hamsters has induced virtually no change in the neoplasm. The host tissues have shown, however, a 1% increase in their own mitoses, which is attributed to growth stimulation by the tumor.     

Age dependence of nuclear DNA content of rat adipose tissue cells

Zusammenfassung Der DNS-Gehalt isolierter Fettzellen wurde cytophotometrisch bestimmt. Bei älteren Tieren fanden sich 12–14% tetraploide Fettzellen neben 5% zweikernigen Fettzellen. Es wird auf die Folgen für die Bestimmung der Zellzahl aus dem Gesamt-DNS-Gehalt des Fettgewebes hingewiesen.

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This work was supported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

竞技运动教育模式的教学赛季计划

竞技运动教育模式已经赢得业内文献的大量支持,成为美国学校身体教育环境中竞技运动教学的重要途径.随着竞技运动教育模式的日益风靡,身体教育领域中的理论学者应同实践教师协同建立合适的指导模式.介绍了美国中学身体教育实践中,一个帮助体育教师有效筹划竞技运动教育的教学赛季计划的体系,希望对中国的学校体育教育有所帮助.     

Proteases of Antarctic krill—a new system for effective enzymatic debridement of necrotic ulcerations

Summary The Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) possesses an over-dimensioned digestive system, which is of vital importance for the survival of this euphaucean shrimp in the extreme marine environment. The isolated enzymes contain a well-balanced mixture of both endo- and exopeptidases, assuring fast and complete breakdown of proteinaceous material. These unique properties have now been shown to be extremely valuable for the effective removal of necrotic debris, fibrin or blood crusts in vitro. Therefore the krill enzymes should be considered as an important resource in the future management of necrotic wounds.     

Intracellular NAD(H) levels control motility and invasion of glioma cells

Oncogenic transformation involves reprogramming of cell metabolism, whereby steady-state levels of intracellular NAD⁺ and NADH can undergo dramatic changes while ATP concentration is generally well maintained. Altered expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme of NAD⁺-salvage, accompanies the changes in NAD(H) during tumorigenesis. Here, we show by genetic and pharmacological inhibition of NAMPT in glioma cells that fluctuation in intracellular [NAD(H)] differentially affects cell growth and morphodynamics, with motility/invasion capacity showing the highest sensitivity to [NAD(H)] decrease. Extracellular supplementation of NAD⁺ or re-expression of NAMPT abolished the effects. The effects of NAD(H) decrease on cell motility appeared parallel coupled with diminished pyruvate-lactate conversion by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and with changes in intracellular and extracellular pH. The addition of lactic acid rescued and knockdown of LDH-A replicated the effects of [NAD(H)] on motility. Combined, our observations demonstrate that [NAD(H)] is an important metabolic component of cancer cell motility. Nutrient or drug-mediated modulation of NAD(H) levels may therefore represent a new option for blocking the invasive behavior of tumors.