Divergent effects of theophylline on adenylate cyclase preparations from guinea-pig heart and lung

Zusammenfassung Theophyllin verringert die Aktivität der Adenyl-Cyclase (AC) in der plasmamembranreichen Fraktion der Meerschweinchenlunge in Konzentrationen von 6–10 mM; es hat dagegen keinen Einfluss auf die Aktivität der AC in Meerschweinchenherzen. Diese Resultate weisen darauf hin, dass in verschiedenen Geweben geringe Unterschiede in der Enzym-Katalyse bestehen können.     

Lectin-induced lymphocyte stimulation in pigs — a kinetic study of NORs

Summary Early reactions of rRNA-cistrons in lectin-stimulated PBL cultures of domestic pigs are shown. Interphases showing 3 or more clusters of stained areas were attributed mainly to cells after first division. Clear differences are shown between PHA-and ConA-induced NOR-expression patterns compared to the patterns in PW-stimulated cultures.We thank Dr W. Gratze for valuable techniqual assistance, Dr M. Kundi from the Institute of Environmental Health of the University of Vienna for the statistical treatment of our data and the Ludwig Boltzmann Society for financial support.     

The exudative diathesis produced by torula yeast

Zusammenfassung Die exsudative Diathese, welche bei Küken durch Verfütterung einer Vitamin-E-freien Nahrung mit Torulahefe als Proteinquelle hervorgerufen wird, wird mit dem nicht unbeträchtlichen Gehalt dieser Hefe an leicht oxydierbaren Fettsäuren in Verbindung gesetzt.Die Vitamin-E-freie Torula-Hefe-Nahrung führt zu Peroxydation des Körperfettes, wie es früher in entsprechenden Versuchen mit Kasein-Lebertran-Nahrungen gefunden wurde.Die von amerikanischen Forschern gefundene Schutzwirkung von Selen gegen exsudative Diathese wird bestätigt.Das Auftreten von Encephalomalacie wurde durch Selen nicht verhindert.

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We are grateful to Lake States Yeast Corporation, Rhinelander, Wisconsin, for supply of the torula yeast used in these experiments.     

The genome sequence of Atlantic cod reveals a unique immune system

Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is a large, cold-adapted teleost that sustains long-standing commercial fisheries and incipient aquaculture. Here we present the genome sequence of Atlantic cod, showing evidence for complex thermal adaptations in its haemoglobin gene cluster and an unusual immune architecture compared to other sequenced vertebrates. The genome assembly was obtained exclusively by 454 sequencing of shotgun and paired-end libraries, and automated annotation identified 22,154 genes. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC)?II is a conserved feature of the adaptive immune system of jawed vertebrates, but we show that Atlantic cod has lost the genes for MHC?II, CD4 and invariant chain (Ii) that are essential for the function of this pathway. Nevertheless, Atlantic cod is not exceptionally susceptible to disease under natural conditions. We find a highly expanded number of MHC?I genes and a unique composition of its Toll-like receptor (TLR) families. This indicates how the Atlantic cod immune system has evolved compensatory mechanisms in both adaptive and innate immunity in the absence of MHC?II. These observations affect fundamental assumptions about the evolution of the adaptive immune system and its components in vertebrates.