Palaeovegetation. Diversity of temperate plants in east Asia

The exceptionally broad species diversity of vascular plant genera in east Asian temperate forests, compared with their sister taxa in North America, has been attributed to the greater climatic diversity of east Asia, combined with opportunities for allopatric speciation afforded by repeated fragmentation and coalescence of populations through Late Cenozoic ice-age cycles. According to Qian and Ricklefs, these opportunities occurred in east Asia because temperate forests extended across the continental shelf to link populations in China, Korea and Japan during glacial periods, whereas higher sea levels during interglacial periods isolated these regions and warmer temperatures restricted temperate taxa to disjunct refuges. However, palaeovegetation data from east Asia show that temperate forests were considerably less extensive than today during the Last Glacial Maximum, calling into question the coalescence of tree populations required by the hypothesis of Qian and Ricklefs.     

一种新的决策支持系统开发方法——层次模型法

层次模型法是我国研究的新的决策支持系统开发方法。文章介绍了层次模型法的研究背景和研究思想。层次模型也包括应用层、任务层、功能层和物理层。文章详细介绍了其独有的任务层和功能层的实现方法。最后，文章说明了基于层次模型法的某公司年度生产经营决策支持系统的设计和开发思路。层次模范法作为通用决策支持系统生成器，具有一定的理论价值和实践价值。     

任务管理系统的研究

对我们研究的决策支持系统(actDSS)而言，一个任务不仅由许多集成的模型组成，而且还包括各种算法，进行输入输出的图形模型，以及表示数据关系的数据模型，所有这些部分的集合就是一个任务。任务管理系统(TMS)必须考虑到任务构造和运行的各个方面。     

The peptidylarginine deiminases expressed in human epidermis differ in their substrate specificities and subcellular locations

Deimination, a post-translational modification catalyzed by peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), appears as a crucial Ca²⁺-dependent event in the last steps of epidermal differentiation. In normal human epidermis, where the deiminated proteins are filaggrin and keratins, PAD1, 2 and 3 are expressed but their relative role is unknown. The three PADs, produced as active recombinant forms, showed distinct synthetic-substrate specificities, various efficiencies to deiminate filaggrin and particular calcium and pH sensitivities. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that PAD1 and PAD3 are co-located with filaggrin within the filamentous matrix of the deeper corneocytes where the protein is deiminated. This result strongly suggests that both isoforms are involved in the deimination of filaggrin, an essential step leading to free amino acid production necessary for epidermal barrier function. Moreover, PAD1 was shown to persist up to the upper corneocytes where it deiminates keratin K1, a modification supposed to be related to ultrastructural changes of the matrix.Received 10 May 2005; received after revision 21 June 2005; accepted 29 June 2005     

A FORMAL SYSTEMS APPROACH TO SOLVER DESIGN—HILL CLIMBING METHOD WITH PUSH DOWN STACK

This paper presents a formal approach to design of a solver of an intelligent managementinformation system and its implementation. The approach implies set theoretic modeling based on thegeneral systems concepts and implementation in the extProlog. There are research efforts which attack(optimization)problems using the set theory and logics.Furthermore, they use logic programming languages for their implementation. Although their methodslook quite similar to the approach of this paper, there are clear differences between them. This paper isinterested in exploration of the solving system rather than algorithms. The paper first presents a design and implementation procedure of a solver. Then, classificationof problems is discussed. The least structured class of the classification is the target of this paper. Adata mining system is an example of the class. Formal theories are derived for the design procedure assuming the least structured case. A solvingstrategy,which is called a hill climbing method with a     

Genome sequence of the ultrasmall unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 10D

Small, compact genomes of ultrasmall unicellular algae provide information on the basic and essential genes that support the lives of photosynthetic eukaryotes, including higher plants. Here we report the 16,520,305-base-pair sequence of the 20 chromosomes of the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 10D as the first complete algal genome. We identified 5,331 genes in total, of which at least 86.3% were expressed. Unique characteristics of this genomic structure include: a lack of introns in all but 26 genes; only three copies of ribosomal DNA units that maintain the nucleolus; and two dynamin genes that are involved only in the division of mitochondria and plastids. The conserved mosaic origin of Calvin cycle enzymes in this red alga and in green plants supports the hypothesis of the existence of single primary plastid endosymbiosis. The lack of a myosin gene, in addition to the unexpressed actin gene, suggests a simpler system of cytokinesis. These results indicate that the C. merolae genome provides a model system with a simple gene composition for studying the origin, evolution and fundamental mechanisms of eukaryotic cells.     

Comparative Analysis and Fuzzy Selection of Information System Development Approach

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