Regulierung des Wasserhaushaltes bei der Hämodialyse (Kompensation und Überkompensation des kolloidosmotischen Druckes des Blutes durch Verwendung polyelektrolythaltiger Dialysierlösungen bei der künstlichen Niere

Summary Addition of polyelectrolytes, in particular of the sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, makes it possible to obtain for the use in artificial kidneys dialyzing liquids which are in thermodynamic equilibrium with blood, both with respect to salts and water, or which even permit removal of water from the blood, as well as urea and related substances (the dialyzing liquid being at will hypertonic with respect to blood), the salt content of blood remaining in all these cases unaffected. These dialyzing liquids might be particularly useful for cases combined with oedema.

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Vorgetragen am Kongress der «3^o riunioni medico chirurgiche internazionali», Turin 1957; erste Mitteilung hierüber im VortragvonW. Kuhn am Staffmeeting des Bürgerspitals Basel am 2. Februar 1955.     

Differenzierendes Kaulquappen-Fressen durch Molche

Summary Differential predation on tadpoles by newts (Triturus). 4 EuropeanTriturus species (T. alpestris, T. cristatus, T. helveticus, T. vulgaris) feed upon the tadpoles of the following Anura species which occur in sympatry with the newts:Rana esculenta, R. temporaria andBombina variegata. OnlyTriturus cristatus prey also upon the tadpoles ofBufo bufo andB. calamita. Triturus alpestris, T. helveticus andT. vulgaris do not eat anyBufo tadpoles. Even larvae ofTriturus alpestris prey upon tadpoles ofRana esculenta, R. ridibunda andBombina variegata but avoid tadpoles ofBufo calamita.

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Mit Unterstützung des Schweizerischen Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung.     

Production of the haemopoietic growth factors GM-CSF and interleukin-3 by mast cells in response to IgE receptor-mediated activation

Mast cells have a central role in allergic diseases mediated by specific immunoglobulin E antibody responses to allergens. The binding of IgE to the high-affinity receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon R) on mast cells and basophils enables these cells to react specifically to allergens. Such contact leads to the activation of mast cells and the release of histamine and other pharmacological mediators, causing an immediate hypersensitivity and acute inflammatory reactions, accompanied by the development of allergic symptoms. Here we show that Fc epsilon R-mediated activation of murine mast cells results in the production of the haemopoietic growth factors granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-3 (IL-3). IL-3 and GM-CSF, in addition to their role in bone marrow haemopoiesis, also influence inflammation as they have the capacity to recruit, prime and activate inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, macrophages and eosinophils. Secretion of these factors by mast cells in response to allergens may therefore have an important role in local tissue defense.     

Künstliche Niere mit Kapillarsystem für den Stoffaustausch

Summary A particularly efficient removal of urea and similar substances by dialysis in an artificial kidney is obtained if both blood and dialyzing liquid are allowed to flow in countercurrent through channels a few hundredths of a mm thick and separated from each other by a membrane about 1/100 of a mm thick. In order practically to realize the flow required, about two thousand of these narrow channels, each of a length of about 2 cm, are arranged parallel to form a capillary net system.Four elements, each consisting of 2000 narrow channels, are needed in order to obtain a clearance of 80 ml/min. The quantity of blood needed to fill the elements is about 5 cm³ for each element.

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Vorgetragen am Kongress der «3^o riunioni medico chirurgiche internazionali», Turin 1957.     

Laich-Räubern und -Kannibalismus bei sympatrischen Anuren-Kaulquappen

Summary Spawn eating (predation and cannibalism) by tadpoles of sympatric Anurans. Tadpoles of 5 Anuran species were tested with spawn of 4 sympatric species or 3 sympatric and their own species respectively. All spawn offered was eaten. Spawn cannibalism as well as spawn predation amongst species which occur in ecological sympatry (e.g.Bufo calamita, Hyla arborea andBombina variegata may act as a density regulation mechanism.

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Mit Unterstützung des Schweizerischen Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung.     

Unkreaktion mit Befreiungsruf beim Weibchen der KreuzkröteBufo calamita

Summary The release call which is uttered by Bufo in connection with specific movements can also be evoked in the ofBufo calamita. This is indicative of homology of the male release call and the usually silent release movements of the .

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Mit Unterstützung des Schweizerischen Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung.     

Phosphorylcholine acts as a Ca2+-dependent receptor molecule for lymphocyte perforin

Large granular lymphocytes and cytolytic T-lymphocytes (CTL) contain numerous cytoplasmic granules thought to be responsible, at least in part, for the cytolytic activity of these effector cells. Isolated granules are lytic for a variety of target cells and the granule proteins are specifically released upon target-cell interaction. Major proteins in mouse CTL granules are a family of seven serine proteases designated granzymes A to G, and a pore-forming protein called perforin (cytolysin). Purified perforin is cytolytic in the presence of Ca2+ and shows ultrastructural, immunological and amino-acid sequence similarities to complement component C9. Despite these similarities, perforin and C9 are clearly distinct in their mode of target-cell recognition. Whereas C9 insertion is absolutely dependent on a receptor moiety assembled from the complement proteins C5b, C6, C7, and C8 on the target-cell membrane, no requirement for a receptor molecule has been reported for perforin. Here, we demonstrate that phosphorylcholine acts as a specific, Ca2+-dependent receptor molecule for perforin.