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音乐作为一种纯粹的文化制度,有其固有的结构和强加的结构。音乐结构原理的应用有力地说明,音乐有其明确规定的数字人类学根据。 相似文献
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诗歌、歌曲和舞蹈作为交流的工具,超越了音乐的诸多限制。它们在传达某种信息上所需要的那种转换,实质上是以数字来表示的。本文所介绍的诗歌、歌曲和舞蹈的数字原则的应用,极好地说明了它们有着明确规定的数字人类学根据以及美学意义。 相似文献
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夏海峰 《淮阴师范学院学报(自然科学版)》2002,1(4):14-16
本文指出仪洪勋和Brosch G在具有三个判别的CM公共值的亚纯函数的唯一性定理中,关于对数函数的导数是整函数的推导,可以用指数函数求导的方法来证明.改进了仪洪勋和Brosch G关于重值与唯一性定理. 相似文献
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Pain relief by xenograft of subarachnoid microencapsulated bovine chromaffin cells in cancer patients 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
XUE Yilong HE Limin LI Liushu WANG Jie WANGZhenfu LI Xinjian ZHANG Li CM Xin ZHU Jianhu LUOYun ZHONG Daguang LI Yanling 《自然科学进展(英文版)》2000,10(12):919-924
The bovine chromaffin cells (BCC) implanted into the subarachnoid space can release analgesic
substances such as opioid peptides and ealeeholamines. Clinical trials have provided the evidence that the implantation of polyvinylchloride ( PVC) hollow fiber encapsulated BCC by surgery can relief the pain in cancer patients. In the present study, BCC were encapsulated in alginate-polylysine-alginate (APA) mieroencapsules which protect the grafting of xenogeneic cells from host immune system anil allow BCC to function effectively without using immunosuppression agents. The microencapsulated BCCs (5 X 106~—8 X 106) were transplanted into the subarachnoid space I^._s of 17 patients who suffered from chronic cancer pain and had to have long-term administration of analgesics. The pain scores and morphine intake tesl showed that microencapsulated BCC graft totally stopped the chronic pain in three of the patients over a period of 200 days and in the other three over a period of 100 days. The resulls suggesl thai APA microencapsulated BCC xenotransplantation could be a novel alternative approach to managing pain of cancer patients. 相似文献
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McLellan JS Pancera M Carrico C Gorman J Julien JP Khayat R Louder R Pejchal R Sastry M Dai K O'Dell S Patel N Shahzad-ul-Hussan S Yang Y Zhang B Zhou T Zhu J Boyington JC Chuang GY Diwanji D Georgiev I Kwon YD Lee D Louder MK Moquin S Schmidt SD Yang ZY Bonsignori M Crump JA Kapiga SH Sam NE Haynes BF Burton DR Koff WC Walker LM Phogat S Wyatt R Orwenyo J Wang LX Arthos J Bewley CA Mascola JR Nabel GJ Schief WR Ward AB Wilson IA Kwong PD 《Nature》2011,480(7377):336-343
Variable regions 1 and 2 (V1/V2) of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) gp120 envelope glycoprotein are critical for viral evasion of antibody neutralization, and are themselves protected by extraordinary sequence diversity and N-linked glycosylation. Human antibodies such as PG9 nonetheless engage V1/V2 and neutralize 80% of HIV-1 isolates. Here we report the structure of V1/V2 in complex with PG9. V1/V2 forms a four-stranded β-sheet domain, in which sequence diversity and glycosylation are largely segregated to strand-connecting loops. PG9 recognition involves electrostatic, sequence-independent and glycan interactions: the latter account for over half the interactive surface but are of sufficiently weak affinity to avoid autoreactivity. The structures of V1/V2-directed antibodies CH04 and PGT145 indicate that they share a common mode of glycan penetration by extended anionic loops. In addition to structurally defining V1/V2, the results thus identify a paradigm of antibody recognition for highly glycosylated antigens, which-with PG9-involves a site of vulnerability comprising just two glycans and a strand. 相似文献
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The trans-Golgi network (TGN) is a major secretory pathway sorting station that directs newly synthesized proteins to different
subcellular destinations. The TGN also receives extracellular materials and recycled molecules from endocytic compartments.
In this review, we summarize recent progress on understanding TGN structure and the dynamics of trafficking to and from this
compartment. Protein sorting into different transport vesicles requires specific interactions between sorting motifs on the
cargo molecules and vesicle coat components that recognize these motifs. Current understanding of the various targeting signals
and vesicle coat components that are involved in TGN sorting are discussed, as well as the molecules that participate in retrieval
to this compartment in both yeast and mammalian cells. Besides proteins, lipids and lipid-modifying enzymes also participate
actively in the formation of secretory vesicles. The possible mechanisms of action of these lipid hydrolases and lipid kinases
are discussed. Finally, we summarize the fundamentally different apical and basolateral cell surface delivery mechanisms and
the current facts and hypotheses on protein sorting from the TGN into the regulated secretory pathway in neuroendocrine cells.
Received 2 November 2000; received after revision 19 February 2001; accepted 19 February 2001 相似文献
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