快速响应温敏凝胶及其在生物分离中的应用研究

采用减小尺寸与加入C aCO3粒子作致孔剂两种方法,研究了如何提高共聚温敏凝胶P(N IPA-co-GM A-D ex)的响应速度.考察了不同尺寸和多孔凝胶的退溶胀动力学、再溶胀动力学,实验结果表明:减小凝胶尺寸和加入致孔剂对提高凝胶的温度响应速度是有效的.研究了P(N IPA-co-GM A-D ex)凝胶对牛血清蛋白(BSA)的浓缩分离效果,发现P(N IPA-co-GM A-D ex)凝胶对蛋白质溶液有较好的浓缩分离能力.在实验的基础上,设计了一套用于蛋白质提纯的机械模型,测试了其对蛋白质溶液的分离能力,证实了机械模型的可行性.     

超稠油直井—水平井组合开发蒸汽腔演变规律研究

稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐开发中后期,转换开发方式是提高采收率的重要方法之一,F油田依据现有井网条件进行综合调整,借鉴其他油田成功经验,将直井与水平井组合驱泄复合(vertical well and horizontal well combined flooding and drainage, VHSD)开发成为吞吐后期接替有效开发的主要方式。利用数值模拟技术,开展VHSD开发蒸汽腔发育规律研究,跟踪流体流动轨迹,剖析剩余油变化规律。结果表明：多轮次蒸汽吞吐建立注采井间水动力连通时,油层的动用情况决定了蒸汽腔的初始形态,随着蒸汽持续注入,蒸汽腔经历了形成、横向扩展、向下扩展三个阶段,各阶段蒸汽腔扩展方向不同,对应着不同的剩余油分布规律和生产特征变化,其中蒸汽腔横向扩展阶段为主要产油期,阶段产出程度达28.8%,油藏最终采收率可达58.3%。     

大气物理与大气探测的一些进展

本文综述大气物理与大气探测中主要方面的一些进展,即地基大气遥感、卫星气象、云物理、临近预报和全球气候变化。侧重于大气遥感在这些领域中的作用。并以北京大学的大气遥感研究工作,作为实例阐述。它包括微波辐射计及其环境遥感应用、大气云雨对微波通信影响的评估、光学和卫星遥感大气污染、卫星遥感大气和海洋、世界气候研究计划。     

车用微小通道蒸发器一维仿真与试验

通过蒸发器制冷能力、通风阻力、蒸发器内阻一维仿真结果与试验值比较,发现制冷剂侧两相换热区、过热区、空气侧分别采用已有的换热关联式计算时,计算值与试验值吻合度较好,误差控制在5%以内.研究了百叶窗翅片的百叶窗开角、翅片间距、翅片高度以及扁管的通道宽度、通道数对蒸发器性能的影响.对蒸发器进行了结构优化,选取了一个综合性能最优的方案,使得通风阻力下降19%,蒸发器内阻下降8.4%,制冷能力提高130W.     

中碳合金钢亚温淬火的铁素体量对接触疲劳寿命的影响

本文研究了42CrMo、45CrMnMo二种钢亚温淬火时,亚温淬火温度与未溶铁素体和先共析铁素体量及硬度的关系,测定了铁素体含量对接触疲劳寿命的影响.试验发现,亚温淬火含有铁素体时,接触疲劳寿命比不含铁素体的完全淬火的要好,随铁素体含量增加,接触疲劳性能不断提高,对于42CrMo钢,铁素体含量达到约10%,45CrMnMo达到约8%时,接触疲劳性能为最佳.     

Seismic tomography showing subduction and slab breakoff of the Yangtze block beneath the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt

Seismic tomography reveals that a subducted ancient block has been preserved beneath the Moho of the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt. Taking into account of geological and geochronological data, we inferred from the tomographic images that the Yangtze block was subducted northward beneath the Sino-Korean block and broken off at the depth <200 km during 200—190 Ma. The slab breakoff of the Yangtze block is the most important dynamic mechanism to control the exhumation of UHP rocks.     

GMS红外通道实时资料遥感海冰的研究

利用１９９４年１，２月的ＧＭＳ－４的红外亮温和可见光反照率资料，以辽江湾海冰为对象，得到了海冰参数的提以方法和冰厚遥感数字分布。根据冰水物理特性的差异，建立了冰水识别的判据，发现用亮温可以较好地识别冰水，由此和到了冰水区分的亮温疮阀值。     

基于Landsat-8 OLI与Sentinel-2 MSI传感器的香港近海海域叶绿素a浓度遥感反演

为验证Landsat-8 OLI遥感数据与Sentinel-2 MSI遥感数据监测近海海域叶绿素a浓度可行性,以其为数据源,香港近海海域为研究区域,以半分析模型为方法,挑选与监测点实测叶绿素a浓度采集时间一致且遥感影像云覆盖率小于10% 影像清晰的两类遥感影像。对两类遥感影像分别选取2/3的遥感影像数据经预处理后提取其对应实测日期监测点位置遥感反射率进行相关性分析,得到相关性最高的反演因子进行建模,并且利用剩下的1/3数据对其反演回复回归模型进行精度检验,其结果与OCx模型反演结果进行对比效果显著。基于Landsat-8遥感数据建立的最佳反演回归模型为Y=6.8x2-20.77x+17.02,R2=0.906略高于基于Sentinel-2遥感数据建立的最佳反演回归模型Y=-3.345e+05x2+3826x-3.44,R2=0.801,证明了就香港近海海域叶绿素a浓度反演两类遥感数据的可行性,且两类数据的反演结果均呈现出香港近海海域内部海域叶绿素a浓度高于外部叶绿素a浓度的现象。     

Arboreality predicts Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection level in tropical direct-developing frogs

Pathogen-mediated changes in host behaviour can result from hosts altering their habitat preferences. Although infection risk with pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in amphibians is associated with environments favouring its growth, the relationship with microhabitat use has not been examined. Here, we aim to determine if microhabitats used by frogs during their nocturnal activity predict B. dendrobatidis prevalence and infection intensity. Our focal host, Eleutherodactylus coqui, is a habitat generalist that uses multiple habitats from the forest floor to the canopy. We analysed data on B. dendrobatidis occurrence in 157 adults and 122 juveniles at El Yunque National forest in Puerto Rico. We categorized each individual’s nocturnal microhabitat as forest floor, curled palm fronds in the floor, arboreal bromeliads and foliage or tree trunks 50 cm to 2.5 m above ground. We found that frogs on the forest floor had the greatest B. dendrobatidis prevalence (73%), compared with those active in vegetation above ground (55%). Overall, the probability of B. dendrobatidis infection in frogs using microhabitats on the forest floor was twice as great as for those on arboreal substrates. Differences in B. dendrobatidis prevalence and intensity in E. coqui may be explained by specific abiotic conditions of microenvironments (temperature and humidity) affecting both pathogen and host, and by the age-specific ecological requirements of hosts. Adults were found to be most active in microhabitats where individuals had lower infection burdens, suggesting pathogen-modulated habitat choice. This work has important implications for the evolutionary dynamics of enzootic diseases and provides data that may inform potential mitigation strategies against a generalist amphibian pathogen.