Study on the Superluminal Group Velocity in a Coaxial Photonic Crystal

In this paper, the superluminal group velocity in a coaxial photonic crystal is studied. The simulation of the effective refraction index in coaxial photonic crystal is performed. The group velocity is calculated based on the transmission line equations and compared with experimental results.     

Preparation and performance of a cold gas dynamic sprayed high-aluminum bronze coating

By mixing preheated high-aluminum bronze powders with different amounts of Al₂O₃ powder, a low-pressure cold-sprayed coating was prepared and sprayed onto a Cr12MoV steel substrate. The hardness of the coating and the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate were tested with a HV-1000 microhardness tester and a mechanical universal testing machine. The surface microstructure, cross-section and tensile fracture surface of the coating were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Correspondingly, the influences of the preheat treatment temperature of the bronze powder and the Al₂O₃ content on the coating performance were investigated. The results indicate that the hardness of bronze powders decreased and the coating deposition rate increased after the preheating treatment of the bronze powder. The Al₂O₃ content in the mixed powders contributed to the deformation of bronze powders during the spraying process. This trend resulted in varied performance of the coating.     

Frequent mutations of chromatin remodeling genes in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common type of bladder cancer. Here we sequenced the exomes of nine individuals with TCC and screened all the somatically mutated genes in a prevalence set of 88 additional individuals with TCC with different tumor stages and grades. In our study, we discovered a variety of genes previously unknown to be mutated in TCC. Notably, we identified genetic aberrations of the chromatin remodeling genes (UTX, MLL-MLL3, CREBBP-EP300, NCOR1, ARID1A and CHD6) in 59% of our 97 subjects with TCC. Of these genes, we showed UTX to be altered substantially more frequently in tumors of low stages and grades, highlighting its potential role in the classification and diagnosis of bladder cancer. Our results provide an overview of the genetic basis of TCC and suggest that aberration of chromatin regulation might be a hallmark of bladder cancer.     

关于90年代中国天文学的一些思考

面对90年代天文学发展的高潮,我国的天文学工作者将如何为自己争一日之长?     

An ordered mesoporous organosilica hybrid material with a crystal-like wall structure

Surfactant-mediated synthesis strategies are widely used to fabricate ordered mesoporous solids in the form of metal oxides, metals, carbon and hybrid organosilicas. These materials have amorphous pore walls, which could limit their practical utility. In the case of mesoporous metal oxides, efforts to crystallize the framework structure by thermal and hydrothermal treatments have resulted in crystallization of only a fraction of the pore walls. Here we report the surfactant-mediated synthesis of an ordered benzene-silica hybrid material; this material has an hexagonal array of mesopores with a lattice constant of 52.5 A, and crystal-like pore walls that exhibit structural periodicity with a spacing of 7.6 A along the channel direction. The periodic pore surface structure results from alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic layers, composed of silica and benzene, respectively. We believe that this material is formed as a result of structure-directing interactions between the benzene-silica precursor molecules, and between the precursor molecules and the surfactants. We expect that other organosilicas and organo-metal oxides can be produced in a similar fashion, to yield a range of hierarchically ordered mesoporous solids with molecular-scale pore surface periodicity.     

Design of optimum solid oxide membrane electrolysis cells for metals production

Oxide to metal conversion is one of the most energy-intensive steps in the value chain for metals production. Solid oxide membrane (SOM) electrolysis process provides a general route for directly reducing various metal oxides to their respective metals, alloys, or intermetallics. Because of its lower energy use and ability to use inert anode resulting in zero carbon emission, SOM electrolysis process emerges as a promising technology that can replace the state-of-the-art metals production processes. In this paper, a careful study of the SOM electrolysis process using equivalent DC circuit modeling is performed and correlated to the experimental results. A discussion on relative importance of each resistive element in the circuit and on possible ways of lowering the rate-limiting resistive elements provides a generic guideline for designing optimum SOM electrolysis cells.     

论基础科学研究的社会功能——兼议建设基础科学的必要性

(一) 在现代科学划分中,基础研究与应用研究的区别是:应用研究的课题可以溯源于生产实践,旨在将业已认识或着手探讨的自然现象和自然规律,用于解决从生产实践中总结出     

Synthesis and Spectrum Characteristic of New Organic Fluorescence Dyes of Four Pyrazoline Compounds

1 Introduction Pyrazoline derivatives are formed by benzeno-hydrazone cyclization.Because cyclization leads to double bond hindering ,the compounds show stronger fluorescence .The pyrazoline has N atom which attends conjugation by donating electron,and it has higher hole-transport efficiency and some photoelectron characteristics,so it has been widely used as hole-transport materials in the electrophotography and Electroluminescence fields~([1-4]). Pyrazoline derivatives are not only excellen…     

Graphite addition for SiC formation in diamond/SiC/Si composite preparation

Herein, graphite was used in the Si-vapor reactive infiltration of diamond/SiC/Si composites to produce composites with various SiC contents. X-ray diffraction was used to determine the phases of the composite, whereas scanning electron microscopy was used to confirm the Si-C reaction between the silicon, graphite, and diamond and to observe the SiC morphology. Various SiC contents in the composite were observed with graphite addition. Furthermore, the reaction between silicon and graphite (diamond) produced coarse (fine) SiC particles. The generation of a 10-μm-diameter Si-C area on the surface of the diamond was observed. The thermal conductivity (TC) and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the composite was investigated, where the TC varied from 317-426 W·m-1·K-1 with the increase of the SiC volume fraction from 38% to 76% and the corresponding CTE increased from 1.7×10-6 to 3.7×10-6 K-1, respectively. Furthermore, a critical point for the CTE was found to exist at approximately 250℃, where the composite was under a hydrostatic condition. Finally, the bending strength was found to range from 241 to 341 MPa.