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1.
采用蒙特卡罗法分析离散坐标法的假散射 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用蒙特卡罗法获得了离散坐标方程的不含任何假散射的高精度解,其基本思路是:当采用一个离散坐标格式来计算一个漫射表面的热辐射时,就意味着用有限个离散方向去“代表”2π立体空间上的无穷多个方向,因此,不妨假定存在着这样一个虚拟表现:该表面的确只沿着该离散坐标格式的离散方向上发射热辐射,并且在每个方向上的热流也完全遵循离散坐标方程,然后将蒙特卡罗法应用于此虚拟表现,由此所获得解即为此有面的高精度解,不言而喻它也等效于离散坐标方程的高精度解,在此基础上,分析了离散坐标法的假散射对计算结果的影响。 相似文献
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Postel-Vinay S Véron AS Tirode F Pierron G Reynaud S Kovar H Oberlin O Lapouble E Ballet S Lucchesi C Kontny U González-Neira A Picci P Alonso J Patino-Garcia A de Paillerets BB Laud K Dina C Froguel P Clavel-Chapelon F Doz F Michon J Chanock SJ Thomas G Cox DG Delattre O 《Nature genetics》2012,44(3):323-327
Ewing sarcoma, a pediatric tumor characterized by EWSR1-ETS fusions, is predominantly observed in populations of European ancestry. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 401 French individuals with Ewing sarcoma, 684 unaffected French individuals and 3,668 unaffected individuals of European descent and living in the United States. We identified candidate risk loci at 1p36.22, 10q21 and 15q15. We replicated these loci in two independent sets of cases and controls. Joint analysis identified associations with rs9430161 (P = 1.4 × 10(-20); odds ratio (OR) = 2.2) located 25 kb upstream of TARDBP, rs224278 (P = 4.0 × 10(-17); OR = 1.7) located 5 kb upstream of EGR2 and, to a lesser extent, rs4924410 at 15q15 (P = 6.6 × 10(-9); OR = 1.5). The major risk haplotypes were less prevalent in Africans, suggesting that these loci could contribute to geographical differences in Ewing sarcoma incidence. TARDBP shares structural similarities with EWSR1 and FUS, which encode RNA binding proteins, and EGR2 is a target gene of EWSR1-ETS. Variants at these loci were associated with expression levels of TARDBP, ADO (encoding cysteamine dioxygenase) and EGR2. 相似文献
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Multiplicative computation in a visual neuron sensitive to looming 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Multiplicative operations are important in sensory processing, but their biophysical implementation remains largely unknown. We investigated an identified neuron (the lobula giant movement detector, LGMD, of locusts) whose output firing rate in response to looming visual stimuli has been described by two models, one of which involves a multiplication. In this model, the LGMD multiplies postsynaptically two inputs (one excitatory, one inhibitory) that converge onto its dendritic tree; in the other model, inhibition is presynaptic to the LGMD. By using selective activation and inactivation of pre- and postsynaptic inhibition, we show that postsynaptic inhibition has a predominant role, suggesting that multiplication is implemented within the neuron itself. Our pharmacological experiments and measurements of firing rate versus membrane potential also reveal that sodium channels act both to advance the response of the LGMD in time and to map membrane potential to firing rate in a nearly exponential manner. These results are consistent with an implementation of multiplication based on dendritic subtraction of two converging inputs encoded logarithmically, followed by exponentiation through active membrane conductances. 相似文献
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R. Gilles 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1973,29(11):1354-1355
Résumé Les axones isolés du crustacé euryhalinEriocheir sinensis sont capables d'effectuer une régularisation de volume lorsqu'ils sont soumis à des chocs hypo-osmotiques. Les mécanismes pouvant être impliqués dans ce processus sont discutés.
Chercheur qualifié du Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique. 相似文献
Chercheur qualifié du Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique. 相似文献
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Résumé La base de Schiff formée à partir de pyridoxalphosphate et d'un acide aminé présente une fluorescence dont les caractéristiques spectrales sont similaires à celles du NADH. Les possibilités éventuelles de faire la distinction entre le signal émis par la base de Schiff et le NADH au cours de travaux réalisés avec les microfluorimètres utilisés pour étudier les modifications du niveau d'oxydoréduction des nucléotides de la pyridine sont discutées.
Chercheur qualifié du F.N.R.S.
Acknowledgment. We wish to thank ProfessorJöbsis of the Department of Physiology, Duke University, North Carolina, who initiated one of us (R. Gilles) in the microfluorimetric techniques on intact tissues. 相似文献
Chercheur qualifié du F.N.R.S.
Acknowledgment. We wish to thank ProfessorJöbsis of the Department of Physiology, Duke University, North Carolina, who initiated one of us (R. Gilles) in the microfluorimetric techniques on intact tissues. 相似文献
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Clayton TA Lindon JC Cloarec O Antti H Charuel C Hanton G Provost JP Le Net JL Baker D Walley RJ Everett JR Nicholson JK 《Nature》2006,440(7087):1073-1077
There is a clear case for drug treatments to be selected according to the characteristics of an individual patient, in order to improve efficacy and reduce the number and severity of adverse drug reactions. However, such personalization of drug treatments requires the ability to predict how different individuals will respond to a particular drug/dose combination. After initial optimism, there is increasing recognition of the limitations of the pharmacogenomic approach, which does not take account of important environmental influences on drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. For instance, a major factor underlying inter-individual variation in drug effects is variation in metabolic phenotype, which is influenced not only by genotype but also by environmental factors such as nutritional status, the gut microbiota, age, disease and the co- or pre-administration of other drugs. Thus, although genetic variation is clearly important, it seems unlikely that personalized drug therapy will be enabled for a wide range of major diseases using genomic knowledge alone. Here we describe an alternative and conceptually new 'pharmaco-metabonomic' approach to personalizing drug treatment, which uses a combination of pre-dose metabolite profiling and chemometrics to model and predict the responses of individual subjects. We provide proof-of-principle for this new approach, which is sensitive to both genetic and environmental influences, with a study of paracetamol (acetaminophen) administered to rats. We show pre-dose prediction of an aspect of the urinary drug metabolite profile and an association between pre-dose urinary composition and the extent of liver damage sustained after paracetamol administration. 相似文献