一个新质源大麦核质互作雄性不育系96f7A的选育及其遗传研究

报道了大麦核质互作型雄性不育系96f7A的选育过程及其形态特征和主要农艺性状,并研究了其雄性不育性状的遗传。结果表明,96f7A为二棱皮大麦,开颖开花,花药瘦小,不开裂,不散粉,不育彻底,农艺性状较好,其不育性状受1对隐性基因控制。该不育系的不育细胞质来自四川大麦地方品种,核不育基因由核品种的核可育基因天然隐性突变产生。     

高产、抗病、广适大麦新品种"川农饲麦1号"的选育及推广应用

大麦是世界上古老的栽培作物之一,大麦秸秆可用作反刍动物的优质饲草.因此,维持和发展大麦产业,不仅是保证国家粮食安全的需要,也是维护食物多样性及营养与健康的需要.四川省是我国大麦主产区之一,无论从增加种植面积,提高单产,还是改进品质,四川省发展大麦生产具有巨大的潜力.     

西藏野生大麦醇溶蛋白的遗传多样性

作者利用A-PAGE(Acid-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis)法研究了来自中国西藏的野生二棱大麦、野生瓶形大麦和野生六棱大麦共106份材料在3个醇溶蛋白位点的遗传多样性．结果表明，所有供试材料在Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组醇溶蛋白位点分别发现了26、14和22种等位变异类型，平均等位变异数大小顺序为：野生二棱大麦，野生瓶形大麦，野生六棱大麦．这些等位变异类型的频率在这3组野生大麦间的分布存在显著或极显著差异．野生二棱大麦平均遗传多样性程度极显著地高于野生六棱大麦，这3组大麦间存在明显的遗传分化．最后，讨论了栽培大麦的起源中心及中国栽培大麦的起源与进化问题．本研究结果表明，野生二棱大麦是栽培大麦的祖先，支持了栽培大麦起源的“二棱大麦单系发生论”．     

Further molecular evidence for the Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum in Tibet as ultimate progenitor of Chinese cultivated barley

106 aeeessions of Tibetan wild barley, including 50 accessions of the two-rowed wiht barley Hordeum vulgare ssp. sopntaneum （HS）, 27 accessions of the six-rowed bottle-shaped wild barley H. lagunculiforme （HL） and 29 accessions of the six-rowed wiht barley H. agriocrithon （HA） that separately represent different agrigeographical regions of Tibet, were used to study the genetic diversity and genetie differentiation using SSR markers selected from seven barley linkage groups. 229 allelic variants were identified with an average of 7.6 alleles/locus. The average of total number of alleles per locus in HA （6.4） is much higher than that in HS （3.9） and HL （3.4）. The genetie diversity and its standard deviation among the three subspecies were in the order of HS〉HL〉HA. Very significant genetic differentiation was observed among the three subspecies of wild barley. Comparisons of the results fiom this and previous studies showed a strong Oriental-Occidental differentiation of barley, and that Shannan region of Tibet might be the center of origin of the Tibetan two-rowed wild barley, thus supporting not only the hypothesis of a mono-phyletie origin of cultivated barley but also the proposition that the Tibetan two-rowed wild barley as ultimate progenitor of Chinese cultivated barley.     

Chromosomal Location of Gene for Earbranching of Barley Natural Mutant ＂f151＂ Using SSR Markers

0　IntroductionHighgrainyieldisoneoftheimportanttargetsinbarleybreeding .Thenumberofgrainsperearisoneofthethreeconstitutivefactorsofyieldinbarley ,andthenumberofspikeletsperearisanimportantfactorwhichaffectsonthenumberofgrainsperear .Earbranching ,differentfromgeneralbranching ,hasbeensuggestedbyAsana (1 970 )asaplanttypewhichbearsagreaternum berofspikeletsandtherebyincreasesthegrainproduc tion[1] .Therefore ,theexcavationandcultivationofear branchingbarleycouldlayasoundfoundationforsignifi c…