工时定额动态参数建模及可视化研究

工时定额数据获取的快速基于动态参数的工时定额计算方法.对影响工时定额计算结果 的诸多参数进行分析,根据参数的性和准确性影响着制造成本和作业计划.传统计算方法效率低、准确性差,为解决这一问题提出了信息表达方式进行分类,建立动态参数计算模型.利用VRML技术构造可视化加工特征模型,将动态参数映射到加工特征模型上,实现工时定额计算参数的图形化拾取.该技术已应用于企业生产过程中,取得良好的效果.     

Identification of an S5n allele in Oryza rufipogon Griff. and its effect on embryo sac fertility

Oryza rufipogon exhibits abundant genetic diversity and contains many elite genes. In this work, a total of 441 accessions of O. rufipogon were genetically examined using the functional marker S5n, revealing that 18 accessions carried the S5n allele with a heterozygous genotype (S5nS5i/j). Of these accessions, 14 were from Guangdong Province, 2 from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 1 from Hainan Province and 1 from Jiangxi Province. Further sequence analysis spanning both sides of the deletion in S5n allel...     

Biodiversity as a barrier to ecological invasion

Biological invasions are a pervasive and costly environmental problem that has been the focus of intense management and research activities over the past half century. Yet accurate predictions of community susceptibility to invasion remain elusive. The diversity resistance hypothesis, which argues that diverse communities are highly competitive and readily resist invasion, is supported by both theory and experimental studies conducted at small spatial scales. However, there is also convincing evidence that the relationship between the diversity of native and invading species is positive when measured at regional scales. Although this latter relationship may arise from extrinsic factors, such as resource heterogeneity, that covary with diversity of native and invading species at large scales, the mechanisms conferring greater invasion resistance to diverse communities at local scales remain unknown. Using neighbourhood analyses, a technique from plant competition studies, we show here that species diversity in small experimental grassland plots enhances invasion resistance by increasing crowding and species richness in localized plant neighbourhoods. Both the establishment (number of invaders) and success (proportion of invaders that are large) of invading plants are reduced. These results suggest that local biodiversity represents an important line of defence against the spread of invaders.     

Induced modi fi cations in the properties of Sr doped BiFeO3 multiferr oics

Multiferroics exhibit unique combination of ferroic properties,simultaneously.For instance,in BiFeO3,magnetic and electric properties co-exist.In this work,BiFeO3 and Sr-doped BiFeO3 samples with general formula,Bi1-x Srx FeO3(x=0.00,0.05,0.10,0.20,and 0.30) were synthesized by sol-gel auto-combustion technique,in order to investigate these ferroic properties.The samples were confrmed to have perovskite type rhombohedral structure,characteristic of BiFeO3.A dilute phase of Bi2Fe4O9was also found in all the Sr-doped samples.The micrographs of the palletized samples revealed that minutely doped Sr might not have any effect on the morphology of the samples.Frequency dependent dielectric measurements were carried out at room temperature for all the samples from 100 Hz to 1 MHz.The dielectric constant of un-doped sample at low frequency was 52 which decreased with increasing Sr doping.An enhancement of magnetic properties was observed with increasing the Sr contents.Pure BiFeO3 material was observed to have the least value of remanent magnetization.As the Sr2+ tions were doped in BiFeO3,its magnetization and remanence were increased to 0.867 emu/g and 0.175 emu/g,respectively,at x=0.30.     

Flower mites of Trinidad II. The genus Proctolaelaps (Acari: Ascidae)

Nine species of mites of the genus Proctolaelaps were collected in flowers or phoretic in the nares of hummingbirds in Trinidad. Previously named species P. kirmsei , P. glaucis , and P. belemensis are redescribed, and six new species are described: P. jurgatus , P. mermillion , P. rabulatus , P. contumex , P. certator , and P. contentiosus . Proctolaelaps belemensis cyanocompsae is raised to specific status. Host plants are given for all species except P. mermillion , which was collected only from a hummingbird host. New World flower-inhabiting Proctolaelaps are grouped into two hypothetically monophyletic lineages, the kirmsei -group and the belemensis -group, on the basis of adult morphology. A key to the nine Trinidadian species is given.     

Reduced bit low power VLSI architectures for motion estimation

Low power and real time very large scale integration(VLSI) architectures of motion estimation(ME) algorithms for mobile devices and applications are presented.The power reduction is achieved by devising a novel correction recovery mechanism based on algorithms which allow the use of reduced bit sum of absolute difference(RBSAD) metric for calculating matching error and conversion to full resolution sum of absolute difference(SAD) metric whenever necessary.Parallel and pipelined architectures for high throughput of full search ME corresponding to both the full resolution SAD and the generalized RBSAD algorithm are synthesized using Xilinx Synthesis Tools(XST),where the ME designs based on reduced bit(RB) algorithms demonstrate the reduction in power consumption up to 45% and/or the reduction in area up to 38%.     

Nitrogen limitation constrains sustainability of ecosystem response to CO2

Enhanced plant biomass accumulation in response to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration could dampen the future rate of increase in CO2 levels and associated climate warming. However, it is unknown whether CO2-induced stimulation of plant growth and biomass accumulation will be sustained or whether limited nitrogen (N) availability constrains greater plant growth in a CO2-enriched world. Here we show, after a six-year field study of perennial grassland species grown under ambient and elevated levels of CO2 and N, that low availability of N progressively suppresses the positive response of plant biomass to elevated CO2. Initially, the stimulation of total plant biomass by elevated CO2 was no greater at enriched than at ambient N supply. After four to six years, however, elevated CO2 stimulated plant biomass much less under ambient than enriched N supply. This response was consistent with the temporally divergent effects of elevated CO2 on soil and plant N dynamics at differing levels of N supply. Our results indicate that variability in availability of soil N and deposition of atmospheric N are both likely to influence the response of plant biomass accumulation to elevated atmospheric CO2. Given that limitations to productivity resulting from the insufficient availability of N are widespread in both unmanaged and managed vegetation, soil N supply is probably an important constraint on global terrestrial responses to elevated CO2.     

基于广义Hamilton算法的正定矩阵系统上的控制

考虑控制输出仅依赖控制输入的正定矩阵系统, 控制的最优性被描述为输出矩阵尽可能接近目标矩阵. 控制输入和目标矩阵之间的度量采用测地距离, 则基于广义Hamilton算法可得到从控制输入到最终控制输出的最优控制轨迹. 最后, 给出了正定矩阵系统上控制问题的数值模拟结果.      

Insights into hominid evolution from the gorilla genome sequence

Gorillas are humans' closest living relatives after chimpanzees, and are of comparable importance for the study of human origins and evolution. Here we present the assembly and analysis of a genome sequence for the western lowland gorilla, and compare the whole genomes of all extant great ape genera. We propose a synthesis of genetic and fossil evidence consistent with placing the human-chimpanzee and human-chimpanzee-gorilla speciation events at approximately 6 and 10 million years ago. In 30% of the genome, gorilla is closer to human or chimpanzee than the latter are to each other; this is rarer around coding genes, indicating pervasive selection throughout great ape evolution, and has functional consequences in gene expression. A comparison of protein coding genes reveals approximately 500 genes showing accelerated evolution on each of the gorilla, human and chimpanzee lineages, and evidence for parallel acceleration, particularly of genes involved in hearing. We also compare the western and eastern gorilla species, estimating an average sequence divergence time 1.75 million years ago, but with evidence for more recent genetic exchange and a population bottleneck in the eastern species. The use of the genome sequence in these and future analyses will promote a deeper understanding of great ape biology and evolution.