Novel Fluorene-thiophene Copolymers and Polymer Blends for Photonic Devices

1 Results In this contribution we deal with photophysical and photoelectrical study of novel fluorene-thiophene copolymers, and thiophene-based oligomers and polymers, the syntheses of which are reported in our other contributions. Information about electronic structure of the polymers was obtained from cyclic voltammetry and absorption spectroscopy. The absorption of the polymers under study covers the whole visible region; the low band-gap polymer (Eg=1.35 eV) exhibited the long-wavelength absorption ...     

The dead-end elimination theorem and its use in protein side-chain positioning

The prediction of a protein's tertiary structure is still a considerable problem because the huge amount of possible conformational space1 makes it computationally difficult. With regard to side-chain modelling, a solution has been attempted by the grouping of side-chain conformations into representative sets of rotamers2??. Nonetheless, an exhaustive combinatorial search is still limited to carefully indentified packing units?? containing a limited number of residues. For larger systems other strategies had to be developed, such as the Monte Carlo Procedure?? and the genetic algorithm and clustering approach?. Here we present a theorem, referred to as the 'dead-end elimination' theorem, which imposes a suitable condition to identify rotamers that cannot be members of the global minimum energy conformation. Application of this theorem effectively controls the computational explosion of the rotamer combinatorial problem, thereby allowing the determination of the global minimum energy conformation of a large collection of side chains.     

MD Method in Solving Multiple Criteria Decision Problems Arising from Investment Systems

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电离辐射诱发小鼠骨髓细胞依赖和不依赖P53基因的凋亡

细胞凋亡(apoptosis)或程序性细胞死亡(programmed cell death),是一种具有典型形态学和生化特征的细胞死亡模式。在胚胎发育,T,B细胞成熟和内分泌相关的组织萎缩等生命过程中发生的细胞死亡,就是一种生理性细胞凋亡,以此控制体内细胞数量。辐射和某些抗肿瘤药物等DNA损伤因子,亦能诱发细胞凋亡,并与某些肿瘤相关基因的诱导表达和蛋白稳定性的改变等事件发生相关。P53基因是一种抑癌基因,参与细胞增殖调控,使细胞生长停滞于G_1期。近年发现,P53基因在细胞DNA受损伤后引发的细胞凋亡过程中也起重要作用。不同学者分别报道,电离辐射诱发小鼠胸腺细胞和小肠上皮细胞的凋亡,是依赖于P53基因,包括P53基因表达增加和P53蛋白稳定性增强。在P53基因缺失纯合子小鼠中,电离辐射就不能有效地启动上述组织细胞的凋亡机制。本文利用基因打靶技术产生的P53基因突变小鼠模型,研究不同P53基因状态下,即野生型(P53+/+)、杂合子(P53+/-)和纯合子突变型(P53-/-),电离辐射诱发小鼠骨髓细胞的凋亡。     

Effect of retained austenite and nonmetallic inclusions on the thermal/electrical properties and resistance spot welding nuggets of Si-containing TRIP steels

Five advanced high-strength transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP) steels with different chemical compositions were studied to correlate the retained austenite and nonmetallic inclusion content with their physical properties and the characteristics of the resistance spot welding nuggets. Electrical and thermal properties and equilibrium phases of TRIP steels were predicted using the JMatPro? software. Retained austenite and nonmetallic inclusions were quantified by X-ray diffraction and saturation magnetization techniques. The nonmetallic inclusions were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the contents of Si, C, Al, and Mn in TRIP steels increase both the retained austenite and the nonmetallic inclusion contents. We found that nonmetallic inclusions affect the thermal and electrical properties of the TRIP steels and that the differences between these properties tend to result in different cooling rates during the welding process. The results are discussed in terms of the electrical and thermal properties determined from the chemical composition and their impact on the resistance spot welding nuggets.