Regulation of cellulose synthesis in Acetobacter xylinum by cyclic diguanylic acid

Cellulose is the most abundant renewable carbon resource on earth and is an indispensable raw material for the wood, paper, and textile industries. A model system to study the mechanism of cellulose biogenesis is the bacterium Acetobacter xylinum which produces pure cellulose as an extracellular product. It was from this organism that in vitro preparations which possessed high levels of cellulose synthase activity were first obtained in both membranous and soluble forms. We recently demonstrated that this activity is subject to a complex multi-component regulatory system, in which the synthase is directly affected by an unusual cyclic nucleotide activator enzymatically formed from GTP, and indirectly by a Ca (2+) -sensitive phosphodiesterase which degrades the activator. The cellulose synthase activator (CSA) has now been identified as bis-(3' 5')-cyclic diguanylic acid (5'G3'p5'G3'p) on the basis of mass spectroscopic data, nuclear magnetic resonance analysis and comparison with chemically synthesized material. We also report here on intermediary steps in the synthesis and degradation of this novel circular dinucleotide, which have been integrated into a model for the regulation of cellulose synthesis.     

人类遗传病基因治疗的现状与展望

自70年代中期以来,虽然人类在征服癌症等"不治之症"的战斗中付出了巨大努力,但却很少有成功的记载.然而现在,科学家们正从一不同的角度出发探索新的治疗途径,取得了令人瞩目的进展.70年代后期,遗传工程技术不断更新,尤其是限制酶位点多态性(RFLP)、寡聚核苷酸探针(ASO)以及聚合酶链式反应(PCR)等技术的相继问世,使得基因诊断技术突飞猛进.RFLPs只是因人而异的短短的DNA序列,可以测定出它在染色体中的特定位置;     

^210Pbex depth distribution in soil and calibration models for assessment of soil erosion rates from ^210Pbex measurements

Throughout the past decade, the potential for using nuclear weapon-produced 137Cs ( half-life 30.2 a) fallout to quantify soil erosion rates on both cultivated and uncul- tivated lands for medium-term timescales (≈ 40 a) has been successfully demonstrated in a wide range of envi- ronments in different regions of the world[1—6]. Because in difficulties of distinguishing Chernobyl-derived compo- nent from total 137Cs input in many parts of Europe, and in measuring low activity samples of…     

B2结构纳米晶Ru40Al60和Ru的制备

纳米晶材料由于其物理特性显著不同于常规粗晶材料而引起人们的极大兴趣和受到广泛重视。近年来,人们发现机械合金化是制备纳米晶的最有效方法之一,通过强烈的机械形变和破碎,可以容易地得到极细的晶粒。最近,一种结合机械合金化与化学浸出法的技术