Ionic Conductivity and Dielectric Properties of the PAN-Ion Conducting Polymers

1 Results In this work, the ion conducting films of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) containing lithium triflate (LiCF3SO3) and sodium triflate (NaCF3SO3) were prepared by the solution casting technique. The ionic conductivity measurements were carried out using impedance spectroscopy. The room temperature conductivity for pure polyacrylonitrile film is 1.51×10-11 S·cm-1. The room temperature conductivity for the highest conducting film in the PAN-LiCF3SO3 and PAN-NaCF3SO3 systems is 1.51×10-5 and 7.99×10-6 S·cm-1, respectively. The conductivity-temperature studies were performed in the temperature range between 303 and 373 K. The results for the variation of the conductivity with temperature obeys the VTF law. The increase and decrease in the number of ions can be implied from the plots of dielectric constant, εr-frequency and dielectric loss, εi-frequency.     

纽结问题—与现实世界的解释

一度是数学中死水一潭的纽结理论,其应用已向临床医学广泛延伸。我们都知道什么是个结--如果没有它,我们的鞋就会掉下来。但对于数学家而言,纽结与我们所描绘的稍有些不同——更像一根电线,能缠在一起并插回其自身中。电线如何婉蜒地穿过空间并在找到正确的空位以再度插入之前缠绕自身即是对数学家而言所有的区别——而且也正日益为考虑实用性东西的研究人员所关注。     

在科学方面科学同大学的相互影响

许多大学的行政领导人似乎相信,由学校教工进行的研究工作可以通过专利和发明被用来为他们的机构带来巨大的经济收入。国家科学院出版社最近出版的一份报告提供了关于工业同大学相互影响的对比看法。该报告是一份访问17名高级工业职员的谈话总结。将可获利的产品推向市场,这要求一套与创造和普及知识不同的动机、组织和文化。企业也注意到,对花费在研究上的每1美元需要投入10美元用于开发,100美元用于设计和建造工厂。这些活动的许多方面都需要有目的明确的跨学科人员的参与。在许多工业部门,主要的活动在于改善现有产品的质量或加工方法。这往往是通过一点一点的累积起     

衰竭性运动后的最大通气量

在剧烈运动中,通气肌是否出现疲劳和机能能力下降,这是有争论的。Fregosi 等报道过在衰竭性赛跑运动中,鼠的膈肌中乳酸急剧增加。Bye 等也指出在进行高强度短时间的运动之后,膈肌的最大跨壁压力降低。是这些变化还是其它的变化致使剧烈运动中和运动后最大通气能力减弱,目前尚未清楚。在本研究中,我们企图通过测定在跑台上进行持续时间为3—10分钟或60分钟的衰竭性运动的最后几分钟和运动后的60秒随意最大通气量,来探查这     

FROM MANUFACTURING SCHEDULING TO SUPPLY CHAIN COORDINATION：THE CONTROL OF COMPLEXITY AND UNCERTAINTY

With time-based competition and rapid technology advancements, effective manufacturingscheduling and supply chain coordination are critical to quickly respond to changing marketconditions. These problems, however, are difficult in view of inherent complexity and variousuncertainties involved. Based on a series of results by the authors, decomposition and coordination byusing Lagrangian relaxation is identified in this paper as an effective way to control complexity anduncertainty.A manufacturing scheduling problem is first formulated within the job shop context withuncertain order arrivals, processing times, due dates, and part priorities as a separable optimizationproblem. A solution methodology that combines Lagrangian relaxation, stochastic dynamicprogramming, and heuristics is developed. Method improvements to effectively solve large problemsare also highlighted. To extend manufacturing scheduling within a factory to coordinate autonomicmembers across chains of suppliers, a decentralized supply chai     

电子管的再现

电子学T模型又要出现,新型的电子管为集装在硅片中的不再发热的显微器件。     

矿物燃料之后的能源会怎样?--《没有天燃气的时代》作者古德斯坦访谈录

美国加利福尼亚技术学院物理系教授戴维·古德斯坦(DavidGoodstein)最近出版了他的第6本著作——《没有天燃气的时代》。他在书中指出,21世纪注定会成为文明的一个转折点:在不太遥远的将来,随着矿物燃料的逐渐耗尽,迫使人类社会去开发其他的新能源。该书对许多问题作了一个扼要的评述,并提出了一些解决办法。不久前,《美国科学家》记者戴维·施奈德(DavidSchneider)采访了古德斯坦,就书中提出的某些问题请他作进一步的阐述。