浅析建筑屋面防水渗漏的原因及防治措施

建筑防水在建筑设计和施工中占有十分重要的地位。文章通过对材料、设计、施工、管理四个因素对建筑屋面防水渗漏的原因进行分析,并在此基础上提出相应的防治措施,进而明确建筑屋面防水的重要性。     

为自治而斗争:解读中世纪大学的命运

自治斗争从中世纪大学诞生开始就不可避免地贯穿在它整个发展过程中。可以说中世纪的历史就是教会与国家的冲突史,大学为获得自身独立发展的空间周旋于教会与国家相互间权力争夺的漩涡中。大学在这一过程中通过各种方式在不同时期取得过自治斗争的胜利,但最终也没能逃脱被强大政权干预的宿命。大学的活力源于自治斗争,中世纪大学自治斗争的过程能够给中国现代大学提供相关经验。     

The Self-Organization of Time and Causality: Steps Towards Understanding the Ultimate Origin

Possibly the most fundamental scientific problem is the origin of time and causality. The inherent difficulty is that all scientific theories of origins and evolution consider the existence of time and causality as given. We tackle this problem by starting from the concept of self-organization, which is seen as the spontaneous emergence of order out of primordial chaos. Self-organization can be explained by the selective retention of invariant or consistent variations, implying a breaking of the initial symmetry exhibited by randomness. In the case of time, we start from a random graph connecting primitive “events”. Selection on the basis of consistency eliminates cyclic parts of the graph, so that transitive closure can transform it into a partial order relation of precedence. Causality is assumed to be carried by causal “agents” which undergo a more traditional variation and selection, giving rise to causal laws that are partly contingent, partly necessary.     

And Yet It Moves: The Observability of the Rotation of the Earth

A central point of controversy in the time of the Copernican Revolution was the motion, or not, of the earth. We now take it for granted that Copernicus and Galileo were right; the earth really does move. But to what extent is this conclusion based on observation? This paper explores the meaning and observability of the rotation of the earth and shows that the phenomenon was not observable at the time of Galileo, and it is not observable now.     

Scale Relativity and Fractal Space-Time: Theory and Applications

In the first part of this contribution, we review the development of the theory of scale relativity and its geometric framework constructed in terms of a fractal and nondifferentiable continuous space-time. This theory leads (i) to a generalization of possible physically relevant fractal laws, written as partial differential equation acting in the space of scales, and (ii) to a new geometric foundation of quantum mechanics and gauge field theories and their possible generalisations. In the second part, we discuss some examples of application of the theory to various sciences, in particular in cases when the theoretical predictions have been validated by new or updated observational and experimental data. This includes predictions in physics and cosmology (value of the QCD coupling and of the cosmological constant), to astrophysics and gravitational structure formation (distances of extrasolar planets to their stars, of Kuiper belt objects, value of solar and solar-like star cycles), to sciences of life (log-periodic law for species punctuated evolution, human development and society evolution), to Earth sciences (log-periodic deceleration of the rate of California earthquakes and of Sichuan earthquake replicas, critical law for the arctic sea ice extent) and tentative applications to systems biology.     

Informational Branching Universe

This paper suggests an epistemic interpretation of Belnap’s branching space-times theory based on Everett’s relative state formulation of the measurement operation in quantum mechanics. The informational branching models of the universe are evolving structures defined from a partial ordering relation on the set of memory states of the impersonal observer. The totally ordered set of their information contents defines a linear “time” scale to which the decoherent alternative histories of the informational universe can be referred—which is quite necessary for assigning them a probability distribution. The “historical” state of a physical system is represented in an appropriate extended Hilbert space and an algebra of multi-branch operators is developed. An age operator computes the informational depth of historical states and its standard deviation can be used to provide a universal information/energy uncertainty relation. An information operator computes the encoding complexity of historical states, the rate of change of its average value accounting for the process of correlation destruction inherent to the branching dynamics. In the informational branching models of the universe, the asymmetry of phenomena in nature appears as a mere consequence of the subject’s activity of measuring, which defines the flow of time-information.     

“信息化”的英译及学理思考

对“信息化”一词的各种英译进行考察,认为infomlatization及informationalization等译法忽视了译文在译入语中的接受度,值得商榷,并在真实语料的基础上提出了新译法。     

超负荷对结构可靠性的影响

文章简述了建筑结构在使用过程中超负荷对结构安全可靠性的影响。     

多波长分光光度法同时测定工业废水铁铜含量

为建立能同时测定工业废水中铁、铜含量的化学方法 本文提出铁、铜与 5 Br PADAP及TritonX 1 0 0在 pH2 .67缓冲液中生成稳定的配位化合物 ,在一定的波长范围内 ,用分光光度计进行多波长测量 ,测量的数据输入计算机 ,用多元线性回归法处理 本法具有较高的灵敏度和较好的选择性 ,回收实验结果也令人满意 ,回收率在 96.0 %～ 1 0 3.3%之间 采用本法能较好地消除工业废水中共存组分的干扰 ,对铁、铜含量进行选择性测定 ,而且具有计算简便、快速、成本低的特点     

基于卷积神经网络和迁移学习的花卉图像分类

花卉分类在研究中具有重要的研究价值和应用价值.针对花卉数据集缺少和分类精度低的问题,整理一个花卉数据集并使用卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network,CNN)对数据集分类.传统分类方法多为提取花卉图像的颜色特征、纹理特征和形状特征,手动提取特征存在特征选择困难和特征提取不充分的问题.使用多...