组合型防病鼠盒及其架具的研究

为了预防交叉污染、提高工作效率，采用椎、顶、档原理研制组合型防病鼠盒及其架具。组合型防病鼠盒由鼠盒壳体、活动挡扳、垫料盒和笼盖组成、架具由横梁、纵梁、立柱和位于底端的万向脚轮组成，架具分四层，每一层均由鼠盒悬挂梁和挂钩、活动搁板和支架构成。将灭菌后的组合型防病鼠盒吊挂在悬挂梁的挂钧上，每一层可悬挂六个。更换垫料时，将活动搁板从架具一侧推出横梁外，支架随之自动展开，承接和固定活动搁板后，把装有垫料的无菌垫料盒从鼠盒壳体的一端推入，壳体内的原有垫料盒随之被顶出到活动搁扳上，小鼠被自动换入无菌垫料盒内，待操作完毕，将活动搁扳和支架复位即可。将组合型防病鼠盒与旧式鼠盒进行了对比试验，用灵杆菌气溶胶喷雾定量染菌方法对小鼠体表染菌。结果表明，若小鼠体表携带灵杆菌，用旧式鼠盒饲养、更换垫料时，能导致全部小鼠体表接触性交叉污染，而组合型防病鼠盒能防止接触性交叉污染，并且对室内空气中的粉尘和细菌浓度的影响，比旧式鼠盒分别降低３．１倍和２．３倍，更换垫料的速度，前者比后者提高至少２倍以上。     

Genetic diversity in Penaeus chinensis shrimp as revealed by RAPD technique

The random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis was used to estimate genetic diversity in one successively cultivated stock and three wild stocks of Penaeus chinensis shrimp, two of which were collected from the spawning and wintering grounds in the west coast of Korean Peninsula, and one from the feeding ground in the China coast of the Yellow Sea. A random primer kit was employed to scan the genomic DNA in 20 individuals of each index stock. A total of 110 reproducible RAPD markers were obtained, 68.2 % of which showed a sound eonformability within all the individuals detected, implying that the genetic variability in P. chinensis is relatively low. The proportions of polymorphic loci among these four stocks ranged from 20% to 33.3%, while the degrees of genetic polymorphisms varied from 0.0093 to 0.0307. The genetic variability of inter-stocks was higher than that of intra-stock. The genetic diversity in different stocks differed from each other; that is, a less genetic differentiation in the spawning and wintering stocks from the west coast of Korean Peninsula was revealed and their genetic diversities were higher than that of the spawning stock in the Bohai Sea and the China coast of the Yellow Sea. As detected, the genetic diversity in the successively cultivated stock was the lowest among these four stocks. Through genetic distance analysis between a random pair of individuals, a dendrogram of the above-mentioned four stocks was constructed by unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean. The results based on cluster analysis well fitted with the geographical distribution of P. chinensis in the Bohai and Yellow Seas.     

关于超细粉碎的理论研究

回顾和总结了超细粉碎的理论进展情况，包括粉碎的能耗规律和粉碎动力学理论，并对超细碎理论今后的发展进行了展望。     

组合型防病鼠盒及其架具的研究

为了预防交叉污染、提高工作效率，采用推、顶、挡原理研制组合型防病鼠盒及其架具。组合型防病鼠盒由鼠盒壳体、活动挡板、垫料盒和笼盖组成，架具由横梁、纵梁、立柱和位于底端的万向脚轮组成。架具分四层，每一层均由鼠盒悬挂梁和挂钩、活动搁扳和支架构成。将灭菌后的组合型防疫鼠盒吊挂在悬挂梁的持钩上，每一层可悬挂六个。更换垫料时，将活动搁板从架具一侧推出横梁外，支架随之自动展开，承接和固定活动搁板后，把装有垫料的无菌垫料盒壳体的一端推人，壳体内的原有垫料盒随之被顶出到活动搁板上，小鼠被自动换人无菌垫料盒内。待操作完毕，将活动搁板和支架复位即可。将组合型防病鼠盒与旧式鼠盒进行了对比试验，用灵杆菌气溶胶喷雾定量染菌方法对小鼠体表染菌。结果表明，若小鼠体表携带灵杆菌，用旧式鼠盒饲养、更换垫料时，能导致全部小鼠体表接触性交叉污染。而组合型防病鼠盒能防止接触性交叉污染，并且对室内空气中的粉尘和细菌浓度的影响，比旧式鼠盒分别降低３．１倍和２．３倍。更换垫料的速度，前者比后者提高至少２倍以上。     

卫星二次分离方案仿真研究

首先借助Adams软件对多星二次分离方案建立简化的分离系统模型,研究卫星质量,子星分布特性,分离参数等因素对小卫星二次分离的影响,并选择合理参数值对多星二次分离过程仿真。然后,为验证模型,对二次分离进行了动力学计算,得到子星分离速度和角速度值。对比两者结果一致,验证了ADAMS模型计算的正确性。仿真研究对小卫星设计具有重要实际意义,为我国新一代小卫星的多级分离技术的研究提供依据和参考。

Abstract：

Firstly,the simplified model of satellite separation system was built for secondary separation schemes,and the elements of affecting micro-satellite secondary separation were analyzed,such as micro-satellite mass,distributing character and separation parameters,and then ADAMS simulation was applied to the multi-satellites secondary separation based on the optimized parameters. After that,in order to verify model,the dynamic calculating was carried out and velocity and angle velocity of secondary separation were obtained. Finally,it could be concluded that the Adams model was correct comparing dynamics results. The results are a good reference to satellite design and step separate technology of new generation satellite.     

中国对虾微卫星DNA多态性分析

根据建立的中国对虾部分基因组文库,对筛选的含微卫星序列的克隆设计了引物,并选择了8对多态性引物对中国对虾进行了分析.实验材料为中国对虾黄渤海群体(HB)、朝鲜半岛西海岸群体(KX)和朝鲜半岛南海岸群体(KN)3个野生群共计60个个体.结果表明:经8对引物对60尾中国对虾进行PCR扩增后,共获得了61个等位基因.对3个野生群体的8个基因位点共计24个群体位点进行了杂合度观测值(Ho)和杂和度期望值(He)计算,通过Hardy-Weinberg平衡偏离指数(D)检验,发现有5个群体位点处于杂合子缺失状态,其中HB群体有3个群体位点杂合子缺失,KC和KN群体各有1个群体位点杂合子缺失.其次,对中国对虾3个野生群体遗传分化指数Fst值进行了计算,两两群体之间的Fst值均小于0.05,说明中国对虾3个野生群体的遗传分化较弱.P检验也说明了这个结果,即3个群体的中国对虾遗传分化不显著,有99.27%的遗传变异是来自个体之间,只有0.73%的遗传变异是来自群体之间.最后,经过聚类分析,发现HB群体和KX群体的亲缘关系较近,而KN群体与前两者亲缘关系较远.实验还对8对微卫星引物的多态性信息含量(PIC)进行了评估,PIC值介于0.5984～0.9178之间,揭示了这8个微卫星位点在中国对虾中具有较高的信息含量.     

中国对虾遗传多样性的RAPD分析

采用随机扩增多态DNA技术,对中国对虾的3个野生地理群体--朝鲜半岛西海岸产卵群体及其越冬群体、黄渤海中国沿岸群体和一个人工累代养殖群体进行了遗传多样性研究.用一组随机引物,对每个群体各20尾对虾的基因组DNA进行扩增,共获得110个重复性好且谱带清晰的RAPD标记,68.2%的标记在所有个体间保持稳定的一致性,表明中国对虾的遗传多样性水平偏低.4个群体的多态位点比例在20%～33.3%之间,群体内的遗传多态度为0.0093～0.0307.群体间遗传变异高于群体内.不同群体间遗传变异水平不同,朝鲜半岛西海岸产卵群体及其越冬群体相近且高于黄渤海沿岸群体,累代养殖群体遗传变异度最低.通过成对的遗传距离分析,用非加权的组平均法构建了上述4个群体中国对虾的谱系关系图,该聚类分析的结果与中国对虾在黄渤海的地理分布相吻合.