从废弃木屑中提取乙二酸方法的研究

从木屑中提取乙二酸成本低 ,工艺简单 ,可综合利用 ,变废为宝 .介绍了用浓碱处理木屑从木屑中提取乙二酸的方法 ,试验了碱液浓度及碱熔温度对产率的影响 ,并试验了乙二酸的漂白功能     

酸析-CaO中和-厌氧流化床反应器处理硫酸盐草浆黑液的研究

提出了酸析-CaO中和-厌氧流化床反应器处理硫酸盐草浆黑液的方法，黑液经综合处理后，其COD去除率可达91．8％～96．5％，SS去除率可达72．8％～74．3％，色度去除率可达85．8％～90．5％。对减轻黑液的污染具有明显的效果。     

跨湖桥遗址的人们在浙江史前史上的贡献

跨湖桥遗址的人们创造了灿烂文化 ,在浙江史前史上作出了应有的贡献。如有榫木构件的出现 ,经河姆渡文化人们的发展 ,其后逐步成为中国传统建筑的一个特点。跨湖桥遗址的彩陶 ,与陕西临潼白家村老官台文化的彩陶 ,在风格上截然不同 ,分属南北两大系统。跨湖桥遗址刻划纹的发展 ,为良渚文化时期雕琢精细而优美的玉器纹饰的产生奠立了基础。跨湖桥遗址早期的年代 ,为距今 80 0 0多年 ,把长期停留在晚期的浙江新石器时代考古推进到中期。     

砂光粉喷燃火焰运动轨迹的初步研究

分析了锅炉或热油炉中，影响砂光粉喷燃火焰运动轨迹的主要因素；运用流体力学的温差射流理论，推导了无旋流片圆截面管喷燃火焰的运动轨迹方程。     

混凝-活性炭吸附工艺去除水中甲氰菊酯农药

通过对含甲氰菊酯农药的模拟水样进行混凝活性炭吸附处理,分别考察了混凝剂种类、投加量、pH等因素对混凝效果的影响以及木质粉末活性炭投加量、吸附时间、pH等因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,对水样作常规混凝处理时,氯化铁的处理效果优于其他混凝剂,当氯化铁的投加量为20mg/L,pH为8时,甲氰菊酯去除率可达59.4%。对水样做活性炭吸附处理时,适宜pH范围为6~9,木质粉末活性炭最佳投加量为40mg/L,最佳吸附时间为70min,在最优吸附条件下,甲氰菊酯去除率可达81.6%。在最优混凝吸附条件下,氯化铁混凝协同木质粉末活性炭吸附去除甲氰菊酯的去除率均大于90%,对水中甲氰菊酯去除效果较好。     

兴安落叶松成熟材单一年轮顺纹力学模型

基于"经典层板理论",以早材和晚材作为基本单元,建立兴安落叶松成熟材单一年轮顺纹抗弯弹性模量以及顺纹抗拉强度的力学模型;通过试验测得兴安落叶松成熟材早、晚材力学性能,并与理论模型值进行比较,探讨所建模型的准确性。结果表明:顺纹抗弯弹性模量模型的计算值与实测值相对误差集中分布在20%以内;而顺纹抗拉强度模型的计算值与实测值相对误差均匀分布在60%以内。由此可得,以早、晚材为基本单元,建立兴安落叶松成熟材同一年轮的顺纹抗弯弹性模量力学模型方法可行。为提高单一年轮顺纹抗拉强度力学模型的求解准确性,需采用更精确的几何尺寸测量方法。     

苍山黑龙溪捕食线虫真菌的生物多样性

目的：了解苍山黑龙溪沉水腐木和溪边土壤中捕食线虫真菌的多样性特征。方法：随机采集苍山黑龙溪沉水腐木样品和溪边的土样各100份,培养后对样品进行观察,用经典分类学方法对观察到的捕食线虫真菌进行分离和初步鉴定。结果：从腐木上分离到捕食线虫真菌3属11种,从溪边土壤分离到3属16种。结论：溪边土壤中捕食线虫真菌的检出率、物种丰富度、优势度指数均高于沉水腐木,腐木和土壤中的捕食线虫真菌存在一定的群落相似性,但土壤中的多样性高于腐木上的。     

The pars jugularis and the intrarelationships of cichlid fishes (Labroidei,Teleostei)

The anatomy and morphology of the pars jugularis skull region in cichlid fishes has been used recently, and for the first time, as a crucial character to establish intrafamilial phylogenies for these African, Malagasian and Neotropical freshwater teleosts. The new phylogeny cuts across relationships postulated in previous schemes, and suggests novel and geographically disjunct intrafamilial groups. It does not, however, seem tenable.

A detailed investigation of the cichlid pars jugularis, involving many more taxa and wider outgroup comparisons than were used to formulate the new classification, is described here. Apart from clarifying certain misconceptions about the anatomy of the pars jugularis in the Cichlidae, this study shows, at least in that family, that the character is valueless as an indicator of higher level intrafamilial relationships, and is of very limited value for establishing phyletic affinities at lower levels.

Other osteological features used in the new classification were also tested on a larger scale. None of these, either, refutes the two other and recent hypotheses-one of intrarelationships amongst Neotropical cichlids and the second for the family as a whole.     

历史性住区改造适宜技术措施探讨

以北京京棉二厂职工宿舍区的保护性改造为例,集中研究与讨论了有历史保存价值的既有住宅的保护与改造,以及轻型木结构建造技术在旧住宅改造中的应用.从建筑学的角度探索解决问题的对策,以推进城市的发展与社会文明的进步.     

Distal leg morphology,subgenual organs and host detection in Stephanidae (Insecta,Hymenoptera)

The morphology of the tibia and tarsus of all legs is examined in species of two genera of Stephanidae. The subgenual organ (SGO) is examined in more detail for Megischus spp. The fore leg is the most modified in Schlettererius. In Megischus, the SGO of the hind leg is displaced to the middle of the tibia, which is swollen distad of it; in the female the hind tarsi are three‐segmented, the basitarsomere being a composite of tarsomeres 1–3. Internally, the SGO of Megischus is suspended between a spine and a ridge. In the mid and hind legs, part of the tibial wall is thinner in the region of the SGO. Our observations provide circumstantial evidence that female Stephanidae detect substrate‐borne vibrations when searching for hosts. The absence of antennal modification, as well as information on host stage targeted and general behaviour on the oviposition site indicates that they rely on noise made by the host rather than generate vibrations themselves, in contrast to Orussidae, a parasitoid wasp taxon that has been inferred to employ vibrational sounding. The external receptor elements – membranous pads versus tufts of setae – are not homologous in Orussidae and Stephanidae. A spine and ridge suspensorium of the SGO found in members of both families may represent a derived groundplan feature of the orussid–apocritan clade, with secondary modification or reduction in the latter group. Characters of the distal leg elements and the SGO suggest a basal position of Schlettererius and Stephanus within Stephanidae. Modifications of the hind tibia and tarsus in more derived members of the family indicate a shift in relative importance in vibration detection from the fore leg to the hind leg within the family.