长江口北支沉积动力环境分析

长江口北支为喇叭形准强潮河口,其发育深受地形条件、水动力因素和泥沙来源的制约,并因此而形成了复杂的沉积环境和沉积特征。作者以北支表层沉积物粒度分析资料为依据,阐明长江口北支表层沉积物的分布规律,试用M.Pejrp的新三角图式划分长江口北支的沉积动力环境（相）,以期揭示北支的沉积作用机制,为深入研究长江口北支演变规律及北支的开发治理提供科学依据。     

长江河口横沙小港泥沙浓度的观测及研究

用OBS－3浊度计在1998年2月12日至21日期间在长江河口横沙小港对悬浮泥沙浓度作了观测,同时也用ENDCO海流计测量了流速、流向、水温和盐度。观测数据表明不论潮还是小潮期间,在落潮过程中泥沙浓度的扰动比涨潮过程中更加频繁和强烈,存在着高频振荡。动力分析表明这是由潮扩散的不对称性造成的,即落潮期间垂向湍流扩散比涨得垂向切变不稳定增强。观测还指出泥沙浓度的变化与流速密切相关,存在着泥沙峰值滞后于流速峰值的现象。这是首次用先进的OBS浊度仪在长江口横沙小港观测在落潮期间泥沙浓度的高频扰动,并从动力成因上做出了解释。     

黄河小浪底坝区蓄水过程泥沙数学模型的研究

考虑高含沙水流特殊的运动规律,选用适当的公式和参数,得到多沙河流平面二维水沙运动方程,用SIMPLER程式求解。求解过程中为提高数学模型的精度,根据高含沙水流特性,采用了将沙场与流场进行耦合计算的方法;对沙场收敛条件提出应满足含沙量场与挟沙力场均稳定的观点,并给出了具体的判断式;对恢复饱和系数的取值进行了有意义的讨论。利用数学模型对黄河小浪底坝区物理模型的蓄水过程进行了模拟,通过计算结果与实测物模地形变化的对比,验证了建立的数学模型的正确性。     

Effects of sediment on the dynamic pressure of water and sediment on dams

After a reservoir has been in operation for a period of time, a sediment layer is likely formed before the dam. Since studies of the effects of sediment layers on the hydrodynamic pressures of impounded water and the aseismic responses of dam are few, the dynamic effect of sediment may be applied neither in the seismic design of new dams nor in the assessment of earthquake safety of existing dams. However, a common practice of the action of sediment layers and foundation is based on a partial energy absorption boundary. It is shown that during a vertical harmonic ground motion, the sediment layer could alter the natural frequencies of reservoir. The dynamic pressure on a rigid vertical dam face caused by the vertical ground motion is obtained through a computational model and an experimental test by using a shaking table. With a change in the thickness of sediment, the frequency corresponding to the inertia amplification effect appears to vary gradually. The results are useful for further study of seismic responses of dams.     

Impact on the Yangtze (Changjiang) Estuary from its drainage basin: Sediment load and discharge

This paper focuses on the sediment transport and freshwater discharging from upper Yangtze drainage basin downstream, primarily on the basis of multiyear hy-drological data collected from three major hydrological gauge stations (Yichang, Hankou and Datong). Data indicate highest sediment load in Yichang (5.6×108 t/a), lowest in Hankou (5.1×108t) and second highest in Datong (5.4×108 t). This fluctuations are identical with what has been observed from the annual flood season. About one thirds of the sediment load are trapped in the middle Yangtze River course, where meandering river pattern prevails; rest of them are directly transported to the river mouth area via lower Yangtze River channel, where the river is typically confined by the exposed base rock and almost none is being trapped, instead, minor being drained to the mainstream from the local tributaries. To recognize this sediment delivery and river flow media is vital, because it can highlight morphologic/topographic correlation between the upper drainage basin and the estuary and the erosion and siltation in the river mouth area, where extensive coast has been exclaimed and or being exclaimed, and new navigation channel and port is being constructed. It is particularly crucial for monitoring the impact on estuarine change after 3-Gorges dam being closed in 2009. Data also indicate an increase in freshwater discharging downstream (>7.7×1111 m3/a), of which -50% derived from the upstream and another half concentrated from the local tributaries. The result shows that this numerous freshwater has constantly flowed into the river mouth area to support the estuarine aquaculture and ecosystem, where it is confronted with huge amount of tidal prism (>10 times more than that of the annual runoff) transforming from offshore. Thus, a great concern for saltwater intrusion especially during the dry season is aroused, largely due to the intense upstream agriculture irrigation and large water transfer project, such as the well-planned South-North Water Transfer project.     

黄河下游泥沙冲淤前景预测数学模型研究

运用一维泥沙数学模型,对小浪底水库运行后黄河下游河道泥沙冲淤,春中着重分析艾山－利津河段的冲淤变化规律,作者认为小浪底水库可使黄河下游总体上保持20年不淤,50年内相对减淤率为51．6％,艾山－利津河段也有减淤效果,但相对减淤率仅为全下游平均值的57％,河床抬升速度仍然较快。     

新型复合混凝剂的研制及在造纸废水处理中的应用研究

介绍了用硫酸烧渣制备新型复合混凝剂的方法,并将其用于造纸废水处理中。考察了影响烧渣酸浸和铁聚合的因素,同时还对影响复合混凝剂处理废水的影响因素进行了研究,对新型复合混凝剂与聚合硫酸铁的混凝性能进行了对比。实验结果表明,该混凝剂的生产周期较短,在处理造纸废水时,比聚合硫酸铁具有更高的化学耗氧量（CCOD(Cr）的去除率,且有较宽的pH适用范围。     

辐射沙洲西洋水道激流特征及成因分析

利用1980年和2001年的激流资料和2008年新测的激流水沙资料,对辐射沙洲西洋水道激流特征及成因进行了分析.结果表明:(1)激流具有流速特别大、流向变化小及各层水体含沙量与流速响应良好的特征;(2)一方面,西洋水道喇叭口状的特殊地形易产生涌潮现象,但激流时刻未出现异常潮位变化;另一方面,激流各层流速和含沙量均同时突增,其中底层流速最大为3.71 m/s,最大含沙量为14.94 kg/m3,而风应力不可能使近10 m深的底层海流产生如此大的流速并获得掀起大量底层泥沙的巨大能量,且相邻测站未同时测得激流,故假潮和风应力均不是激流的必要成因,今后应从潮流的辐合和特殊的地形条件两方面进一步探讨激流现象的形成机制.     

鄱阳湖流域底泥微生物对环境变量的响应

以鄱阳湖流域4个支流共6个地点(信江XS1、信江下水湾XS3、饶河RS、饶河内湖RHS、修水SS、赣江GS)的底泥样品为研究对象,利用16 S rRNA基因扩增技术探究底泥微生物对环境变量的响应.结果显示:6个采样点的底泥样品的微生物群落结构大致分为4类; 底泥的pH值、TOC、TN、TP和重金属含量对微生物群落结构及微生物多样性存在着显著的影响.4条河流底泥微生物多样性指数顺序为赣江>信江>修水>饶河,同时发现饶河的Cu、Zn含量在4条河流中最高,这说明高Cu、Zn会对微生物多样性产生负面的影响; 河流与其所对应湖区底泥样品中微生物多样性指数比较发现:饶河>饶河内湖,信江下水湾>信江,这种结果顺序的不一致主要是由底泥中营养物质含量不同和某些重金属元素胁迫导致的.     

重金属沉渣土著微生物浸出后余渣的潜在毒性

在pH值为3.0、温度为30 ℃、矿浆质量分数为7%的优化浸出条件下,通过摇瓶试验,结合X射线衍射分析、BCR法3步连续提取,研究了土著微生物浸出重金属沉渣后余渣中重金属的潜在毒性。结果表明：土著微生物浸出7 d后,沉渣中Cd,Mn,Cu,Pb,Zn含量分别由原来的4 530,7 650,830,29 530,62350 mg/kg降低至730,1280,390,13 810,15650 mg/kg.浸出过程沉渣中Cd,Mn,Cu,Pb,Zn等重金属的酸可提取态相对含量显著降低,残渣态相对含量提高.余渣环境活性和潜在危害低于《危险废物鉴别标准》（GB 5085.3-2007）的规定,土著微生物浸出能有效实现重金属沉渣的资源化和无害化.