黑土区主要粗饲料及其组合对绵羊日粮养分消化及生长性能的影响

选用12只无角陶塞特×夏洛莱的杂交一代雄性绵羊(7～7.5月龄,体质量40.58 kg±1.17 kg),采用单因素随机区组试验设计,研究不同精粗饲料组合对绵羊日粮养分消化及生产性能的影响.在精料供给量一致的条件下,按粗料来源不同分成4组:对照组(100%玉米秸秆)、试验组Ⅰ(100%豆皮)、试验组Ⅱ(50%玉米秸秆+50%豆皮)、试验组Ⅲ(50%玉米秸秆+50%苜蓿鲜草),每个处理组3只,试验期60d.结果表明,试验组Ⅱ、试验组Ⅲ均较对照组显著提高了日粮有机质(OM)、蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)表观消化率(P<0.05),试验组Ⅲ较对照组显著提高了日粮干物质(DM)表观消化率(P<0.05),各组间酸性洗涤纤维(AOF)表现消化率无显著差异(P>0.05);试验组Ⅲ较对照组、试验组Ⅰ日增重显著,分别提高48.47%(P<0.05)、32.29%(P<0.05).综上,玉米秸秆、豆皮及苜蓿鲜草之间存在显著的粗饲料原料间的正组合效应,三者间的其它组合方式及最佳比例有待在此研究基础上开展深入研究.表3,参11.     

Evaluating Efficiency of Decision Making Units with Network Structures

This paper considers the problem of evaluating efficiency of Decision Making Units （DMUs） with network structures of divisions by the Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA） model. All divisions in the network are under a decentralized authority organiza- tion. That is, each division in a decision making unit has its own authority to adjust its input and output. By incorporating the division operations in the DEA model, we discuss the sufficient and necessary conditions for a DMU to be network efficient in series structure and general structure respectively.     

一类变质性物品在考虑货币时间值和通货膨胀率时的最优生产库存策略

作者在考虑货币时间值和通货膨胀率的情况下,讨论了需求是时间的连续函数、允许缺货且缺货完全回补、变质率为常数、补货率有限的变质性物品在有限计划期内的生产-库存策略,同时证明了最优生产-库存策略的存在唯一性,并给出了求最优策略的算法和算例.     

厌氧接触发酵制氢反应器的启动和运行特性

以稀释糖蜜为底料,探讨了厌氧接触反应设备用于连续流发酵制氢的可行性,考查了其启动运行特性.以污水好氧生物处理系统的剩余污泥为种泥,反应器在污泥接种量9.3 g(MLVSS)/L、进水COD 5 000 mg/L、HRT 8 h和系统温度(35±1)℃等条件下启动,30 d后达到稳定运行状态,乙醇和乙酸之和的质量百分数,占液相末端发酵产物总量的69.8%,呈现典型的乙醇型发酵特征.在稳定运行阶段,系统的pH值、碱度、氧化还原电位分别维持在4.8,460 mg/L,-305 mV左右,平均产气速率和产氢速率分别达到33.2和13.4 L/d.厌氧接触发酵制氢反应设备,呈现出良好的产氢性能和运行稳定性.     

杭州湾地区生态-气候监测预警系统及其应用

基于3S技术、中尺度模式及动态植被模式建立了生态-气候监测预警系统,其中包括4个子系统:土地覆盖动态监测系统、城市热岛动态监测系统、城市气候监测系统和植被NPP模拟与监测系统.利用土地覆盖监测系统可以精确地获取各种土地覆盖类型,并分析土地利用覆盖变化;利用土地覆盖监测系统结果、Landsat-TM红外影像及常规气象资料构建城市热岛监测系统,分析该地区城市热岛效应的时空变化:利用土地覆盖分类结果,对改变下垫面进行敏感性试验,模拟城市发展对城市气候的影响,构建城市气候监测系统:利用LPJ模拟杭州湾地区植被NPP及对气候变化的响应,构建植被NPP模拟与监测系统.生态预警系统可以实时监测土地覆盖、城市热岛、城市气候、植被NPP变化.对保护耕地资源、改善生态环境、提高城市人居环境、合理利用气候资源、保持农林业的可持续发展有着重要的指导和现实意义.     

浅析变电站的安全生产

变电站是电网上很重要的一个点,变电站的安全稳定运行关系着整个电网的安全经济运行,为此,笔者具体分析了关系变电站安全生产的几个主要问题：人员的思想状态、安全技术培训、倒闸操作。不断地在工作实践中完善和提高我们的技术水平和安全管理制度等,确保电力企业的安全生产。     

强子对撞机上top-pion介子与t夸克的关联产生

Top-pion介子作为TC2理论特征粒子,它的存在与否是验证TC2模型的最直接的证据之一.我们在TC2模型框架下,对强子对撞机上带电top-pion介子与t夸克的关联产生过程(pp(p-p)→tΠt-)进行了研究.结果表明:在Tevatron上,通过该过程不易探测到带电的top-pion介子;而在LHC上,该过程年产生事例数可达104量级.因此,在LHC上很有希望探测到top-pion介子,并进一步检验TC2模型.     

稀土微肥在林业生产上的应用

我国自20世纪80年代中期开展了稀土农用的研究,但林业上的实际推广应用还十分有限．多年的研究表明,稀土林用是一项低成本、高效益的林业增产技术。该文综述了稀土微肥的含义、近年来稀土肥在林业生产中的应用及效果,并对其增产机理、毒理作用、施用技术和注意事项作了分析介绍。结合福建省实际,对稀土微肥开发应用的前景进行了展望。     

Methane emissions from terrestrial plants over China and their effects on methane concentrations in lower troposphere

Methane (CH₄) is the most important greenhouse gas and reactive trace gas in the atmosphere. Recently, it has been reported that terrestrial plants can emit CH₄ under aerobic conditions, which may call for reevaluation of the inventory of CH₄ emissions in China. In this paper, those emissions over China and their effects on CH₄ concentrations in lower troposphere were investigated. Firstly, based on the work of Keppler et al., the aerobic plant CH₄ emission model (PLANTCH4) for China was established. And by using the database of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from NOAA/AVHRR, the distribution of net primary productivity (NPP) over China was simulated, and thereby, for the first time, the amount and distribution of the newly identified source in China were estimated. Secondly, with the aid of the three-dimensional atmospheric chemistry model system (MM5-CALGRID), the effects of the emissions were studied. The results show that the annual aerobic plant CH4 emissions over China amount to 11.83 Tg, i.e. nearly 24% of Chinese total CH₄ emissions. And the major fraction (about 43%) comes from forests. When those emissions are considered in modeling, computed countrywide mean surface concentration of CH₄ is 29.9% higher than without them, with a maximum increase of 69.61 μg·m⁻³ in the south of Yunnan Province. In conclusion, to study CH₄ emissions from terrestrial plants over China may have important implications for correctly estimating the contribution of China to global CH₄ budget, and may call for a reconsideration of the role of CH₄ in global and regional environment and climate change. Supported by National High-Tech Research & Development Program of China (Grant No. 2006AA06A307), National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2006CB403706 and 2006CB403703), and the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, and Nanjing University Talent Development Foundation