保鲜库三维非稳态流场模拟及实验

采用标准K-ε紊流模型和增强壁面条件，对全顶棚孔板送风模式下保鲜库内三维非稳态流场进行CFD模拟分析．模拟中将货物区视为多孔介质区，在对模型进行热力分析的基础上，引入局部不平衡能量模型．通过编译UDF程序修改多孔介质区域的能量、动量源项和进口边界条件，分别分析了空库和库内储存苹果时的流场及单体苹果内温度变化．模拟和实测结果表明：修改后的模型更接近实际模型，降温后期空气温度偏差为0．3℃，果品内部温度场分析的最大偏差为1．8℃；采用靠近货物区的局部孔板回风形式是最佳气流组织形式；风机、压缩机的双变频控制是有效的节能控制方式．     

带Poisson跳的随机种群扩散系统半隐式欧拉方法的数值解

讨论了带Poisson跳的随机种群扩散系统,利用It公式、Burkholder-Davis-Gundy不等式、Gronwall引理及一些不等式,根据半隐式欧拉方法,证明了带Poisson跳的随机种群扩散系统数值解的收敛性.最后,通过数值算例对数值方法进行了说明.     

宽带压缩真空下运动梯形三能级原子的稳态布居

本文主要研究了宽带压缩真空下,激光场驱动的梯形三能级原子的稳态布居.我们从系统的哈密顿量出发,利用波恩—马尔科夫近似,推导出了主方程,进而得到原子的光学布洛赫方程.对这个方程我们用数值计算的方法得出了其稳态解,通过图示法详细讨论了粒子布居iσi随拉比频率ε、双光子失谐Δ、相位、光场的平均粒子数N等参量的变化情况.     

系统动力学延迟环节的参数估计

本文论述了延迟环节参数估计的原理,导出了利用实际系统数据去估计延迟环节参数的两大类方法.     

含磁控忆阻器阻尼特性电路的混沌特性分析

提出了一个基于忆阻器的五阶混沌电路,确立了电路模型,建立了相应的非线性微分方程组,并对系统进行了混沌动力学仿真分析。研究表明,忆阻器可明显影响本非线性电路的混沌特性。计算了系统的Lyapunov指数、功率谱等,获得了系统的时域图、相图、庞加莱截面及大量有价值的数据,验证了理论分析的正确性。     

从Lagrange方程导出刚体动力学的Euler方程

从Lagrange方程推导定点转动刚体的Euler方程要借助刚体的姿态角。刚体的角速度用主轴基及其导数表示,表明了其Boltzmann三标记号的值与广义坐标的具体形式无关,据此,在不涉及广义坐标具体形式的前提下,从完整系统的Lagrange方程出发导出刚体动力学的Euler方程。     

网络舆情预警机制的系统动力学仿真

利用层次分析法和系统动力学建模,考虑网络舆情传播各个环节,建立了网络舆情预警机制的系统动力学模型,将网络舆情预警机制定量研究与定性研究相结合,从政府和网络媒体两个方面分析了模型。结果表明,运用系统动力学研究网络舆情提高了舆情预警的准确性;通过提高政府公信力和加强舆情预防,可以缩短舆情运行周期;加强网络监管,从源头提高预警,减弱其对社会的危害性。     

新型金属氢化物反应床传热性能分析

运用计算流体动力学（CFD）方法,对弓形折流板壳管式金属氢化物反应床进行了数值模拟.预测了反应床壳侧的流体流动状态,分析了在不同折流板数量下,反应床中壳侧的流动状态、壳侧压降和换热管内合金的温度分布.分析计算结果发现,当壳侧折流板数较多时,热流介质的流动均匀性较好,其流动死区较少,换热性能较好,壳侧压降也较大,压降损失主要存在于折流板圆缺处;增加折流板高度会有效地减少壳侧压降,并对换热性能影响很少.针对弓形折流板壳管式反应床传热性能较差,引入螺旋式折流板对反应床进行优化.结果表明,该反应床流体流动状态为旋转式,其壳侧流体的均匀性、壳侧压降以及换热管的温度分布均匀性均明显优于弓形折流板.
关键词： 中图分类号： 文献标志码： A


Abstract：     

轴向流吸附器内部流场特性

以轴向流吸附器内部流场为研究对象,采用CFD软件对其内部气体流动特性进行数值模拟.比较轴向流吸附器内无气体分布器、仅加装单一多孔板气体分布器、加装多孔板气体分布器与单级挡板相结合等3种方式对吸附器内部流场均匀分布的影响.未加装气体分布器的轴向流吸附器内部气流分布严重不均;仅加装单一多孔板气体分布器的轴向流吸附器内部流场的气体流动稍有改善,但气流分布仍不均匀;加装多孔板气体分布器与单级挡板相结合的方式,吸附器内部流场的气体流动得到明显改善.多孔板气体分布器与单级挡板组合使用时,保持气体分布器开孔率不变,开孔孔径为0.003 m时气流分布最为均匀,效果最好;保持开孔孔径不变,气体分布器的开孔率为0.388时气流分布最为均匀.     

Biodegradation of dissolved organic carbon in soil extracts and leachates from a temperate forest stand and its relationship to ultraviolet absorbance

The amount and biodegradability of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in forest floors can contribute to carbon sequestration in soils and the release of CO 2-C from soil to the atmosphere.There is only limited knowledge about the biodegradation of DOC in soil extracts and leachates due to the limitations inherent in degradation experiments.Differences in the biodegradation of DOC were studied in forest soil extracts using cold and hot water and 4 mmol/L CaCl 2 solution and in soil leachates sampled under different conditions over a wide range of DOC concentrations.From these results,we developed a simple and rapid method for determining the biodegradable organic C in forest floors.The hot water extracts and CaCl 2 extracts after CH 3 Cl fumigation contained higher concentrations of biodegradable organic C than the cold water extracts and CaCl 2 extracts before fumigation,with rapid DOC degradation occurring 24-48 h after incubation with an inoculum,followed by slow DOC degradation till 120-168 h into the incubation.During a 7-d incubation with an inoculum,the variation in DOC degradation in the different soil extracts was consistent with the change in special UV absorbance at 254 nm.Relatively higher levels of biodegradable organic C were detected in soil leachates from the forest canopy than in forest gaps between April and October 2008 (P <0.05).Relatively lower concentrations of DOC and biodegradable organic C were observed in soil leachates from N-fertilized plots during the growing season compared with the control,with the exception of the plot treated with KNO 3 at a rate of 45 kg N ha 1 a 1.Around 77.4% to 96.3% of the variability in the biodegradable organic C concentrations in the forest floors could be accounted for by the initial DOC concentration and UV absorbance at 254 nm.Compared with the conventional inoculum incubation method,the method of analyzing UV absorbance at 254 nm is less time consuming and requires a much smaller sample volume.The results suggest that the regression models obtained using the initial DOC concentration and UV absorbance can provide a rapid,simple and reliable method for determining the biodegradable organic C content,especially in field studies involving relatively large numbers of samples.