MiR-205 inhibits the invasion and migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by modulating SMAD1 expression

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC） is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. In this study, we aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of metastasis inhibition by miR-205 in ESCC. In microRNA （miRNA） array and quantitative RT-PCR analyses, we found that the expression level of miR-205 was significantly lower in patients with lymph node metastasis compared with that in patients without lymph node metastasis. After transfection of miR-205 mimics or inhibitors into ESCC cell lines, a significant negative correlation was observed between the expression level of miR-205 and Smad 1. In luciferase reporter assays, we revealed that miR- 205 inhibited the expression of SMAD1 by targeting the 3＇ untranslated region （3＇-UTR） of SMAD1 mRNA in ESCC cells. Furthermore, our results showed that miR-205 sup- pressed the invasion and migration of ESCC cells, whereas Smadl increased their invasion and migration. Taken together, our study demonstrates that miR-205 functions as a suppressor of tumor metastasis by regulating SMAD1 expression through targeting the 3＇-UTR of SMAD1 mRNAin ESCC. Therefore, miR-205 may be a potential therapeutic target for miRNA-based therapy of ESCC.     

Nonlinear RCMC method for spaceborne/airborne forward-looking bistatic SAR

In the spaceborne/airborne forward-looking bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SA-FBSAR),due to the system platforms’ remarkable velocity difference and the forward-looking mode,the range cell migration (RCM) not only depends on the target’s twodimensional location,but also varies with the range location nonlinearly.And the nonlinearity is not just the slight deviation from the linear part,but exhibits evident nonlinear departure in the RCM trajectory.If the RCM is not properly corrected,nonlinear image distortions would occur.Based on the RCM model,a modified two-step RCM compensation (RCMC) method for SA-FBSAR is proposed.In this method,firstly the azimuth-dependent RCM is compensated by the scaling Fourier transform and the phase multiplication.And then the range-dependent RCM is removed through interpolation.The effectiveness of the proposed RCMC method is verified by the simulation results of both point scatterers and area targets.     

Extracellular matrix and neuronal movement

Summary During brain development, both neuronal migration and axon guidance are influenced by extracellular matrix molecules present in the environment of the migrating neuronal cell bodies and nerve fibers. Glial laminin is an extracellular matrix protein which these early brain cells preferentially attach to. Extracellular glycosaminoglycans are suggested to function in restricting neuronal cell bodies and axons from certain brain areas. Since laminin is deposited along the radial glial fibers and along the developing nerve pathways in punctate form, the punctate assemblies may be one of the key factors in routing the developing neurons in vivo. This review discusses the role of laminin in neuronal movement given the present concept of the extracellular matrix molecules and their proposed interactions.     

Spatiotemporal programs and genetics of orientation

Summary A number of migratory bird species have endogenous annual rhythms that regulate the entire annual cycle including the migratory portion. Moreover, captive migrants display inherited migratory activity; this could theoretically also be used by free-living migrants as a time-program for migration. Finally, this heritable migratory activity is oriented in a seasonally appropriate direction even in naive birds. These, characteristics should enable inexperienced migrants isolated from contact with experienced conspecifics to utilize a heritable vector-navigation program to migrate from the breeding grounds to the winter quarters. That is, migrants should reach goal areas they have never experienced by migrating in programmed directions, for as long a period as the genetically fixed time-program for migratory activity induces them to do so. The time-course of migration as established by trapping stations, theoretical influences of environmental variables on migratory programs, and also compensatory behavior and migratory backup measures, are discussed. The present evidence supports the view that a large number of migrants are essentially brought to their wintering areas by vector-navigation systems.     

Wind and orientation of migrating birds: A review

Summary Migratory flights are strongly affected by wind, and birds have developed many adaptations to cope with wind effects. By day, overland migrants at high altitudes may often allow crosswinds to drift their tracks laterally from the preferred heading. In contrast, many birds at low altitude adjust their headings to compensate for drift, and may overcompensate to allow for previous drift. The relative motion of landscape features is probably used to sense drift, at least by day. By night, some overland migrants compensate fully for drift but others do not; no pattern is obvious. Over the sea, compensation is rarely if ever total; wave patterns may allow partial compensation. Other adaptations can include reduction of drift by flying at times and/or altitudes without strong crosswinds. Some birds recognize the need to change course to allow for previous wind displacement, and reorient at least roughly toward the original route or destination. Some juveniles en route to previously-unvisited wintering grounds seem to have this ability, but corroboration is needed. Such reorientation may not require a true navigation ability. However, some birds have unexplained abilities to sense the wind while aloft.     

煤层气排采产气通道适度携煤粉理论

考虑在煤储层中实际地层液混合流体中煤粉含量和煤粉颗粒群的悬浮分级,建立煤粉颗粒在产气通道内悬浮运移模型,给出煤粉悬浮排出的条件;打破以往以防煤粉为主的思想,基于液流携带建立煤层气排采产气通道内的适度携煤粉方法,基于液固两相流理论建立液流携带煤粉运移模型,并分析地层液参数和煤粉颗粒参数对适度携煤粉的影响。结果表明:煤粉颗粒粒径越小,地层液流速越大、黏度越大,煤粉在产气通道截面上分布越均匀,其悬浮排出能力越强,煤粉较易被地层液携带排出;煤层气井排采各个阶段(单相水流阶段、气水两相流阶段和单相气体流动阶段)地层液中气液固三相混合的比例不同导致地层液的黏度不同,造成排采过程中地层液携带煤粉的能力随着产气量的变化而变化。合理控制地层液的参数有利于煤粉适度排出,疏通产气通道增加其渗流能力,提高煤层气井产气量。     

弱凝胶深部调驱可视化驱油实验研究

针对人造岩心驱替过程不能直观展示以及大尺度三维模型工艺复杂和适应性差的问题,研制出一套能够在高温高压下进行不同渗透率岩心组合、模拟正反韵律储层,以及不同驱替方式的小尺度可视化装置。在注入0.3 PV弱凝胶型调驱体系,候凝24 h的条件下,研究不同时刻各相流体在多孔介质中的运移过程以及与人造岩心驱油实验结果对比分析。结果表明:在弱凝胶阶段,弱凝胶优先进入中高渗透层,减小层间非均质性,同时能够改变高渗层内部残余油的分布;在后续水驱阶段,低渗透层逐渐起主导作用,而且存在于大孔道的弱凝胶由于黏弹性,在驱替压力达到某一临界值时,弱凝胶能够在新的孔道内聚集,有利于弱凝胶在油藏深部进行深部调驱。与人造岩心驱油实验对比,可视化装置在含水率和采收率曲线的拟合度较高,说明可视化实验装置对进一步理解弱凝胶调驱机理具有指导意义。