Regulation of phagocyte migration and recruitment by Src-family kinases

Src-family kinases (SFKs) regulate different granulocyte and monocyte/macrophage responses. Accumulating evidence suggests that members of this family are implicated in signal transduction pathways regulating phagocytic cell migration and recruitment into inflammatory sites. Macrophages with a genetic deficiency of SFKs display marked alterations in cytoskeleton dynamics, polarization and migration. This same phenotype is found in cells with either a lack of SFK substrates and/or interacting proteins such as Pyk2/FAK, c-Cbl and p190RhoGAP. Notably, SFKs and their downstream targets also regulate monocyte recruitment into inflammatory sites. Depending on the type of assay used, neutrophil migration in vitro may be either dependent on or independent of SFKs. Also neutrophil recruitment in in vivo models of inflammation may be regulated differently by SFKs depending on the tissue involved. In this review we will discuss possible mechanisms by which SFKs may regulate phagocytic cell migratory abilities.     

能量存储:基于全新原理的“纳米弹簧”

许多机械装置如钟表、玩具等都采用弹簧来驱动,其能量的存储与释放是通过弹簧内部原子间距的变化来实现的。但是这种原子间距的变化(即弹性变形)所能存储的体能量密度相对很低,如何提高能量的转换效率以及材料存储的能量密度是当前材料科学理论和实验研究共同关注的一个问题。本研究利用金属钨单晶纳米线在加载时独特的孪晶变形行为,提出了一个可以在纳米尺度下高效存储与释放机械能的新原理,并据此设计了相应的纳米装置——纳米弹簧。与块体弹簧不同,本文提出的纳米弹簧通过表面原子的重构来实现能量的存储与释放。进一步的计算还表明,由于金属钨孪晶界面的移动阻力非常小,金属钨纳米弹簧的能量转换效率可以达到98%;同时该纳米弹簧存储的体能量密度可以超过钟表发条的1600倍,并具有30%的应变以及3GPa的驱动应力。     

利用含氮化合物的分布探讨潜北周返断裂构造带的油气注入点

根据含氮化合物的分布特征,对周返断裂构造带各层位原油注入点位置与油气运移特征进行研究。结果表明:含氮化合物总含量在周11井到周13井之间呈现为高值,屏蔽型二甲基咔唑明显富集,1,8-/2,7-DMC等比值参数均有所增加,原油的注入位置位于周11井至周13井之间;以这两口井的区域为中心,洼陷内生成的油气向地层抬升方向上发生明显运移,表现出短距离侧向运移的特征,决定了研究区油气运移聚集模式主要为自生自储的成藏模式。     

硅橡胶涂层憎水性迁移的研究

硅橡胶涂层具有优异耐污闪能力的主要原因在于它的憎水性迁移特性。论文研究了环境温度、硅像胶的分子量、交联程度、老化时间等因素对憎水迁移特性的影响，用电子扫描电镜观察到伴随憎水性的出现污层表面形貌发生了很大变化。气相色谱、裂解色谱以及红外谱图的分析结果不支持小分子硅氧烷迁移的假说，文后对憎水性迁移的机理问题进行了讨论。     

放射性Cs,Sr在土壤中迁移的研究

研究了铯、锶在砂土介质中的分配系数Ｋｄ和滞留因子Ｒｄ。静态试验结果表明：溶液中核素浓度较低时，铯、锶的分配系数Ｋｄ基本保持不变；核素浓度较高时，分配系数Ｋｄ随浓度增加而减小； Ｋｄ值还随ｐＨ升高而变大，随溶液中其它阳离子浓度增加而减小。动态模拟试验表明：铯的迁移速度小于锶的迁移速度。虽然动态试验与静态试验的分配系数有一定差异，但其变化规律是一致的。     

铁铬铝合金晶粒长大及合金中稀土元素

研究了不同稀土含量铁铬铝合金,在高温下晶粒长大及界面结构。结果表明:在1200℃以上高温,稀土组元(以La为主)对抑制合金的晶界长大有一定效果,La_2O_3可作为TiN相析出的形核中心,细小TiN质点可在晶界上出现,阻碍晶界迁移;在变温过程中,La向界而扩散,在晶界以La_2O_3形式出现,同时稀土加速氧穿过氧化膜向基体中渗透,导致Al_2O_3及La_2O_3在基体中形成。     

我国石炭纪铝土矿的成因结构构造和定位机制(英文)

硬铝石铝土矿的结构复杂,构造特殊,其成因与铝土矿的形成有关。本文在大量野外观察和显微镜研究的基础上,比较系统地分析了硬铝石铝土矿的各种结构要素和结构、构造特征及其成因,提出了我国最重要工业铝土矿的成因结构分类及迁移沉积模式。     

生物组织中光敏剂浓度的非侵入式测量

用反射式分光光度计测量生物样品表面背散射光的变化能够调定作品内光敏剂浓度，本文把光子迁移模型理论用于该方法．测量灵敏度与已有的扩散理论的结果比较表明，光子迁移模型理论可用于光敏剂浓度的确定．     

The Ror receptor tyrosine kinase family

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) participate in numerous developmental decisions. Ror RTKs are a family of orphan receptors that are related to muscle specific kinase (MuSK) and Trk neurotrophin receptors. MuSK assembles acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction [1, 2], and Trk receptors function in the developing nervous system (reviewed in [3-5]). Rors have been identified in nematodes, insects and mammals. Recent studies have begun to shed light on Ror function during development. In most species, Rors are expressed in many tissue types during development. Analyses of mutants that are defective in the single nematode Ror demonstrate a role in cell migration and in orienting cell polarity. Mice lacking one of the two Ror gene products display defects in bone and heart formation. Similarly, two different human bone development disorders, dominant brachydactyly B and recessive Robinow syndrome, result from mutations in one of the human Ror genes. Received 17 April 2001; received after revision 2 July 2001; accepted 4 July 2001