量子电子学发展的回顾与前瞻

介绍量子电子学的研究内容,回顾从受激发射概念的提出到微波量子放大器和激光器问世的曲折历程,评述二十六年来激光的发展情况和现状,并瞻望其发展前景.     

Observations on the toxicity and metabolic relationships of polygodial,the chemical defense of the nudibranchDendrodoris limbata

Summary Polygodial (1), the defense metabolite stored in the skin of the nudibranchDendrodoris limbata, is toxic for the mollusc itself when injected into the hepatopancreas. Biosynthetic experiments using labeled mevalonic acid were devised to investigate a possible metabolic relationship between1 and the mixture of sesquiterpenoidic esters2, stored in the hepatopancreas. The results suggest that1 and2 are biosynthesized by independent pathways.Thanks are due to G. Villani for supplyingDendrodoris limbata and to A. Trabucco for technical assistance.     

A non-peroxide norsesterterpene from a marine spongeHyrtios erecta

Summary A new norsesterterpene, hyrtial4, and known sesterterpenes,1–3, have been isolated from an anti-inflammatory active crude extract of the spongeHyrtios erecta.This sponge,Hyrtios (Heteronema) erecta Keller 1889, collected in 1980/81, from Tonga was extremely abundant in the Vava'u Is. Group.We thank Prof. R. Jacobs and his research group at UCSB for this data.     

试论分子生物学在进化论发展中的作用

分子生物学是现代生物科学中最重要的分子学科。它与生物进化论有着密切的关系。本文就其在进化论发展中的作用进行综合性的阐述     

资源定位的海洋功能区划和沿海城市概念规划

不同的使用者和部门在海洋资源利用上的矛盾冲突往往导致海洋资源的无序开发，甚至破坏海洋生态系统．海洋功能区划是解决上述冲突的一种有效手段．然而目前无论是理论上还是实践上对于海洋功能区划的认识还存在一定的不足．文章以浙江省宁波市象山港的海洋功能区划作为研究案例，根据资源定位原则，将象山港划分为7个海区，并应用环境经济学的分析方法确定了全海域和各海区的主导功能．文章还以厦门市为例，介绍了如何将海洋功能区划结合到沿海城市的概念规划中．资源定位的海洋功能区划对沿海城市的资源持续利用和发展战略的制定有长远的指导意义．     

南方大口鲶的胚胎发育

本文记述了南方大口鲶人工授精卵的胚胎发育过程,探讨了发育的温度下限问题,并对两种鲶的胚胎发育进行了比较;本实验过程还证明了对南方大口鲶进行人工催产、人工授精及人工孵化简易可行.     

Fundamental geological elements for the occurrence of Chinese marine oil and gas accumulations

The Paleozoic strata in the Tarim Basin, Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin are the major targets for marine petroleum exploration, with developed high quality hydrocarbon, mainly argillite. The deep burial of these source rocks suggests that they mainly develop gas instead of oil. But different maturities of organic matter may lead to different hydrocarbon facies. Through thermochemical sulfate reduction （TSR）, the hydrocarbon in the carbonate rocks may undergo a process of pyrolytic cracking and be catalyzed into gases. The marine reservoirs mainly consist of carbonate and clastic rocks, and the former is controlled by sedimentary facies, dolomitization, solution, TSR and cracking. The multiphase tectonic cycling develops multiple source-reservoir-cap combinations and diversified types of traps and reservoirs, featuring multiphase reservoir formation, mainly late-phase formation or consolidation. Palaeo-uplifts play a controlling role in hydrocarbon accumulation. Differences in major source rocks in the three basins lead to different locations of oil-gas accumulation layers, different types and patterns of reservoirs and different features of reservoir formation.     

东海南部暗鳍兔头鲀渔场环境因子初探

根据舟山海洋渔业公司近3年在东海南部暗鳍兔头鲀钓作业记载的日志和生产统计资料,初步分析了东海南部暗鳍兔头鲀渔场的环境因子,结果表明:暗鳍兔头鲀渔场的变动和渔获量与水温环境因子的关系较为密切.当水温在17～23℃时,暗鳍兔头鲀渔获量随着温度的升高大致增加;当水温高于23℃时,暗鳍兔头鲀渔获量随着温度的升高反而降低;黑潮、台湾暖流、冷水团等海流的变化影响着暗鳍兔头鲀渔场范围大小及其移动,近3年渔场基本稳定在26°0'～28°30'N,122°30'～126°00'E的海域;浮游生物的分布与垂直移动影响暗鳍兔头鲀栖息集群及鲀钓渔法,暗鳍兔头鲀作业渔场的浮游生物量为25~50 mg/m3.     

生物学教学中的激励机制

在生物学教学中,激励机制是调动学生积极性的重要手段。创设生动的教学情景和民主、宽松的教学气氛,挖掘教材的兴趣因素,采用直观性和启发性教学,设疑,关注大自然等,都可收到良好效果。