Bionomics,behaviour and immature stages of Pelecotoma fennica (Paykull) (Coleoptera: Rhipiphoridae)

Ptilinus fuscus (Anobiidae) was confirmed as the host species of Pelecotoma fennica (Rhipiphoridae, Pelecotominae). Females of Pelecotoma oviposit into the wood infested by the host larvae. First-instar larvae are elongate, unsclerotized, very different from the triungulinid larvae known in other rhipiphorids. They search actively for the host larvae in the wood; no phoresy is involved in the life cycle. The first-instar larvae temporarily paralyse the host larva and enter its body, overwintering (some perhaps more than once) as an endoparasite. In the spring of the year of emergence, the endoparasite engorges enormously (without moulting) and develops a special sclerotized caudal structure which is then used for perforation of the host's integument. The larva undergoes a further four ectoparasitic instars. The fifth (i.e. fourth ectoparasitic) instar differs considerably from the preceding three, and is capable of boring through the wood to prepare the emergence gallery for the adult. Pupation occurs in the wood. The rate of parasitization may locally far exceed 50%. Superparasitization by the first-instar larvae is possible, but usually only 1 larva survives to the ectoparasitic stage. Larval morphology of Pelecotoma is described and illustrated. Additional data on bionomics and larval morphology are also presented for the genus Metoecus (Rhipiphorinae). Comparing the biology and larval morphology of Pelecotoma with other Rhipiphoridae, it is assumed that ancestral rhipiphorids may have been xylophilous Tenebrionoidea with predaceous or omnivorous larvae, and that the ‘triungulinid’ larvae and phoretic habits may not belong to the groundplan of the family Rhipiphoridae. The widespread opinion considering Rhipiphoridae closely related to the family Mordellidae is questioned.     

U型或浮头式换热器管板中的热应力及其主要影响因素研究

采用有限元法研究了U型或浮头式换热器管板中的热应力，并考察了管板厚度及管壳程对流换热系数的影响。研究结果表明，对于U型或浮头式换热器，管板内仍存在较大的热应力，这是由于管板上换热管中热量传递造成的，并且当管板较厚时这种应力更为突出；在管程走热流体时，管板两侧表面存在拉伸热应力，降低管板厚度可以有效地降低由热载荷引起的管板壳程侧表面热应力，壳程侧表面热应力可由40 MPa降至-13 MPa；壳程传热系数对管板温度场的影响明显，在换热器设计中使对流换热系数较低的介质走壳程有利于降低管板的热应力。     

柴油机气缸盖传热规律研究

利用Star CCM+软件,采用多面体网格技术和基于流体体积函数方法(VOF)的两相流沸腾模型,对单缸柴油机气缸盖的冷却传热进行了流-固耦合仿真计算,通过气缸盖的测试温度对仿真结果进行了校验.在此基础上,对气缸盖的传热规律进行了研究.研究表明,单缸柴油机负荷增加时,气缸盖冷却水壁面排气门鼻梁区的传热系数HTC呈现出在较小负荷增加迅速,在较大负荷增加变缓的规律;气缸盖向冷却水传递的热流量则随单缸柴油机负荷的提高呈现出加速上升的趋势,转速为2 000r.min-1时,单缸柴油机功率由44kW增加到61kW,气缸盖传递给冷却水的热流量增幅为31.4%;功率由61kW增加到80kW,气缸盖传递给冷却水的热流量增幅为61.3%.     

基于表观特征的单目视觉算法实现的注视方向估计

视线跟踪作为一种重要的人机接口模式,能够提供丰富的人机交互信息.提出了基于单目视觉的视线跟踪方法( Monocular Vision Approach,MVA).从眼部图像提取的表观特征,再经过支持向量回归( Support Vector Regression,SVR)计算实现可头部动作的注视方向估计.本方法仅用一个摄像机采集一副人脸图像作为输入数据,输出的计算结果是人的头部姿态和注视方向,以摄像机坐标系为参照系.采用的表观特征是基于方向二值模式( Directional Binary Pattern,DBP)算法,解析瞳孔在眼窝中运动引起的图像纹理变化.视线跟踪方法首先将双眼分割出来,并编码成高维的方向二值模式特征,最终通过支持向量回归作为匹配函数计算注视视角.共有11个人共23 676回归样本,按照姿态分成5个聚类集合.实验结果显示,基于本方法进行注视方向估计可以获得3°的测试误差.     

Nest structure and all stages of the long-cheeked yellow jacket Dolichovespula intermedia Birula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Nest structure, morphology of all stages and behaviour have contributed to the phylogenetic and taxonomic studies of social vespids. Two aerial nests of Dolichovespula intermedia were discovered in China. The morphology of the three castes, the five larval instars, and the nest structure of D. intermedia Birula, are described in detail and illustrated. The presence of only one campaniform sensillum above each labial palp and the dense minute spicules on the posterior gena found in D. intermedia larvae are mentioned here for the first time for Dolichovespula. The identification characters between D. intermedia and Dolichovespula sylvestris are briefly discussed.     

New findings of Hexalona-branch representatives in Brazil,with a description of Prenda gen. nov. (Crustacea: Anomopoda: Aloninae)

Altogether, Coronatella and Hexalona-branches are considered the main lineages of Aloninae – a subfamily of common bottom-dwelling microcrustaceans in freshwater environments. Although the taxonomic features of Brazilian members of the Hexalona-branch have been summarised for species from the costata-group and affinis-group, a revision of other widely distributed species in the world is still lacking in this country. The aim of this paper was to study the morphology of Brazilian populations from the guttata-group and intermedia-group, and to describe a new genus from the Hexalona-branch. The parthenogenetic females of Alona cf. guttata from Brazil have similar morphology when compared to data from the literature, but the armature of the terminal claw of its males seems to be different from those of Alona guttata sensu stricto, Alona barbulata and Alona werestschagini. The intermedia-group is formed by Alona elisae sp. nov., which seems to be endemic to the Cerrado of Brazil Central, and Alona isabellae sp. nov., which is widely distributed in Brazil; this species has a labral keel armed with 2–4 setulae, and postabdomen with setulae of lateral fascicles longer than the level of marginal denticles, morphological traits that differentiate it from Alona elisae sp. nov. Another endemic species from the Hexalona-branch is Prenda arvensis gen. nov. and sp. nov., which has two main head pores, a reduced seta on endite 1 of the first limb, sixth limb is a wide lobe. The potential of biodiversity from the Hexalona-branch from Brazil is still underestimated, and a global revision of the guttata-group and intermedia-group is very important for the progress of Aloninae taxonomy and systematics.

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0A2E4A30-0C9C-43E8-8E72-1DEDA6AFF3C3     

Muhaka icipe,an enigmatic new genus and species of Kleidotomini (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae) from an East African coastal forest

A remarkable new eucoiline genus and species, Muhaka icipe, is described herein. The genus is clearly a Kleidotomini, but is distinguished from other genera in the tribe by a unique head and scutellar morphology. The genus belongs to the ‘wedge-head’-syndrome group of species that, to date, is unique to Afrotropical eucoilines. The new genus and species is reminiscent of Stentorceps Quinlan and Nanocthulhu Buffington, but is readily distinguished from these genera. Muhaka was collected from a threatened kaya (sacred forest) of coastal Kenya. The biological importance of this and other kaya forests, as well as their protection, is discussed.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6918ED2C-69A4-48FC-A1E4-2B5DFF58E876     

磁盘表面形貌对润滑剂分布及磁头／磁盘之间润滑剂转移的影响

磁盘表层润滑剂在磁头与磁盘之间转移会影响磁头飞行的稳定性．本文采用改进后的粗粒珠簧模型,运用分子动力学方法,研究了磁盘上类金刚石薄膜（diamondlikecarbon,DLC）层粗糙度和磁盘表面凸起对润滑剂在磁盘表面分布及磁头／磁盘之间润滑剂转移的影响．研究结果表明,DLC层粗糙度对润滑膜平均厚度及磁盘表层粗糙度的影响很小;磁盘表面凸起对磁盘表层润滑剂分布的影响明显．类金刚石薄膜层的粗糙度和磁盘表层凸起均可增加转移到磁头上的润滑剂的体积．但磁盘表层粗糙度对磁头／磁盘之间润滑剂转移量的影响明显低于由磁盘表层凸起导致的磁头／磁盘之间润滑剂的转移量．     

SIMATIC T-CPU及伺服系统在摇床头中的应用研究

设计了一种基于SIMATIC 317T-2DP与IM174定位模块的伺服控制系统,本伺服控制系统采用松下A5 Minas 伺服电机,运用S7-Technology工程工具中的凸轮组态功能创建凸轮,输出摇床头的普拉特-奥运动曲线,从而使摇床头实现智能化控制.