药用昆虫药理活性研究进展

昆虫作为防治疾病的药物,在我国已有2 000多年的历史。随着我国中医药事业的发展,药用昆虫的应用愈来愈广泛。近年的研究表明,药用昆虫具有更广泛的药理活性,在抗恶性肿瘤、免疫调节、神经性疾病、心脑血管疾病等具有独特的疗效。本研究主要综述近年来有关药用昆虫药理活性的最新研究进展,为有效利用药用昆虫资源、发掘药用昆虫新临床适应症,继承和发扬我国医药遗产提供参考。     

Adenine nucleotide metabolism during anoxia and postanoxic recovery in insects

Severe hypoxia (anoxia), if maintained for more than a few minutes, causes irreversible damage in humans and other mammals. Why mammals are so vulnerable to anoxia is not fully understood. It is therefore of interest to study animals that are more tolerant of anoxia in order to identify physiological and metabolic properties that are correlated with a high tolerance of anoxia. Insects have high metabolic rates and their energy metabolism is dependent on aerobic ATP production. In insects, as in mammals, anoxia causes a rapid breakdown of physiological function, resulting in a state similar to rigor mortis. This is accompanied by a precipitous decrease in metabolic rate. In contrast to mammals, however, insects can survive anoxia for many hours and recover spontaneously and completely when air is again available. We have followed the metabolism of adenine nucleotides in locust tissues (mainly in the flight muscle) over 3 h of anoxia and during recovery from 1 h of anoxia. The content of ATP in the flight muscle dropped to 1% of normal during 2 h of anoxia. The main product was AMP which increased in content more than 20-fold. Some of the AMP was deaminated to IMP and this was further dephosphorylated to inosine. Altogether less than 30% of the total adenine nucleotides were degraded during 3 h of anoxia and this may contribute to the amazing ability of insects to recover from prolonged anoxia.     

植物挥发性次生物质对昆虫的行为调控及其机制

植物挥发性次生物质是植物在代谢过程中产生的一些短链碳氢化合物及其衍生物，在植食性昆虫的寄主植物定位、交配、寻找合适的产卵场所、取食等行为调控中起重要作用，还可调节天敌寻找寄主等行为，以及作为植物的间接防御手段和昆虫外激素的协同素。综述植物挥发性次生物质对昆虫的行为调控及其作用机理，进一步分析植物挥发性次生物质在害虫防治中的发展前景。     

黑龙江省大兴安岭地区小蠹虫与天敌寄生蜂相互关系的研究

通过对兴安岭地区小蠹虫寄生蜂的种类和自然寄生率的调查，共发现有小蠹虫寄生蜂13种，其中茧蜂科4种，广肩小蜂科2种，金小峰科6种，姬小蜂科1种；分析了天敌寄生蜂的自然控制作用，发现天敌寄生蜂对小蠹幼虫的寄生率为5.41%，对小蠹蛹的寄生率为8.46%，对小蠹成虫的寄生率为0.33%。     

延安地区药用昆虫资源研究

通过1992--2003年野外调查和结合文献资料，对延安地区药用昆虫的种类、分布进行了研究。结果表明：延安地区药用昆虫53种，分属10目32科，分别占全国和陕西省主要药用昆虫总数的31．18％和92．98％，并对其开发利用的现状提出了建议。     

拟步甲昆虫基因组DNA提取的比较研究

对拟步甲科8种昆虫的新鲜标本及无水乙醇浸泡标本，分别用SDS-蛋白酶K消化法和乙酸钾抽提法进行基因组总DNA的提取．经5次重复实验，结果表明，用两种方法均能从新鲜标本中获得较完整的DNA，且DNA得率较高；而对于无水乙醇保存的标本，提取出的DNA用琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测不出DNA条带，说明标本在保存过程中DNA可能发生了变化，致使提取出的DNA量太少或未分离出DNA．通过对比实验，分析原因，阐明了两种方法的优缺点，并提出了该类昆虫用于DNA提取的标本的保存方法．     

中国森林昆虫研究动态

对1985-1991年有关森林昆虫的文献进行统计归类和分析研究，从而揭示我国森林昆虫研究的现状和趋势。     

卤水太阳池的透过率研究

采用晒过盐后的卤水来代替NaCl溶液作为太阳池的工质,可以大大节约费用,甚至实现“废物利用”的目标。卤水的主要问题是透过率较低,本文分析了影响卤水透过率的主要因素在于其中存在的附加滋生物,即嗜盐菌和卤虫,并采取相应的药物杀灭措施,使透过率大为提高,获得了比较令人满意的结果。     

云南森林昆虫分类鉴定专家系统

介绍了一种新的昆虫分类鉴定专家系统的设计与实现,指出用户可以使用引导式鉴定来识别一些新的昆虫。