全球气候变化下东北地区针茅的分布预测

在分析1981-1990年间我国东北地区大针茅(Stipa grandis)、克氏针茅(Stipa krylovii)、贝加尔针茅(Stipa baicalensis)、小针茅(Stipa klemenzii)和短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)5种针茅的分布数据和相应的物种分布区气候数据,以及2041-2050年的气候预测数据的基础上,采用数据统计处理与分析的方法,提出了针茅分布关于气候因子的随机预测模型.在ArGIS9.3界面下,应用Matlab进行程序设计与运行,获得了2041-2050年间5种针茅的最适分布区、次适分布区和可适分布区的预测图.进一步从5种针茅的3种适应分布区域预测图的动态分析表明:除短花针茅外,它们的分布区域都有向北漂移现象,且大针茅和贝加尔针茅都向东北方向漂移;克氏针茅和小针茅既有向东北方向,也有向西北方向漂移;而短花针茅的最适应分布区域、次适应分布区域和可适应分布区域比较稳定,仍在原分布区内.同时大针茅和贝加尔针茅的最适分布区、次适分布区和可适应分布区域预测图之间都有很多重叠部分,这也反映了这两种针茅具有相近或相似的生态位.     

甜高粱秸秆中可溶性糖提取及组成分析

建立高效、低耗的甜高粱可溶性糖提取方式条件,并分析糖的种类及比例.通过单因素试验,分别考察料液比、浸提温度、浸提时间对浸提率的影响.蒽酮法测定可溶性总糖含量,3,5-二硝基水杨酸法测定还原性糖含量,离子色谱法测得甜高粱秸秆中可溶性糖的种类.当料液比1∶4,温度60℃,浸提时间2 h条件下浸提得到的糖最多,水浸提法甜秸秆可提取出19.01%的(以葡萄糖计)总糖.甜秸秆中含有43.35%的蔗糖、14.2%的葡萄糖、11.36%的果糖.     

河北邢汾高速公路沿线植物群落优势种的种间关系

根据野外38个样方的植被调查数据,运用2×2列联表的x2检验、Jaccard关联指数、Spearman秩相关系数和Pearson相关系数对河北邢汾高速公路沿线植被的26个优势种进行了植物群落种间关系的研究.结果显示:植物群落总体呈负相关的趋势,优势种种间关联性不强,种间独立性较高,不同组间联结性比较松散,呈显著或极显著的正联结种对较少;x2检验与Jaccard关联指数、Pearson相关系数与Spearman的有机结合才能更加准确地反映种间关系;依据测定结果,同时结合物种生物学特性与生态适应性特征,将26个优势种划分为3个生态种组,生态种组的划分为近自然植物群落的推荐和公路边坡植被的恢复和重建提供了重要的理论依据.     

芪参补气药茶清除线粒体活性氧研究

以黄芪和党参为原料,根据中医学原理组方制成芪参补气药茶(ACT),探索ACT清除线粒体活性氧作用及促进健康的机制。分别用AlCl₃比色法和硫酸苯酚法测定ACT的功能因子总黄酮、总糖及总多糖含量。以还原型辅酶Ⅰ/吩嗪硫酸甲酯(NADH/PMS)为超氧阴离子(O₂·^－)生成系统,过氧化氢(H₂O₂)/Fe²⁺体系为羟自由基(·OH)生成系统,分别用氮蓝四唑(NBT)还原法和Fenton反应显色法测定ACT清除O₂·^－及·OH的能力;用Na₂S₂O₃滴定法测定ACT清除H₂O₂的能力。ACT总糖质量分数为(26±1.3) mg·mL^-1,总多糖质量分数为(12.5±0.8) mg·mL^-1,总黄酮质量分数为(121±8.5) μg·mL^-1。ACT可一定程度上清除O₂·^－、·OH和H₂O₂。ACT具有温和的抗氧化作用,从而维持机体氧化与抗氧化平衡,这是ACT促进健康的潜在机制。     

中国海洋绿藻门新分类系统

根据研究结果并结合文献资料,组织和完善了我国海洋绿藻门新的分类系统,并阐述了各物种分布特征。我国海洋绿藻门有3纲14目25科57属287种及其变种,在我国海藻三区的区系分布为黄渤海67种、东中国海27种和南中国海250种,四小区的区系分布为黄海西区67种、东海西区27种、南海北区64种和南海南区230种。     

生物入侵及入侵进化生物学

分析生物入侵与全球变化的相互作用关系以及生物入侵的负面影响,以期为入侵外来物种的预防、控制和管理提供理论依据.同时分析了生物入侵的进化问题,尽管生物入侵已经导致全球生物多样性的严重丧失和生态系统的严重破坏,但同时也为物种进化提供了新的源泉.生物入侵过程中出现的进化可以是特定生物类群某些形态或习性上的细微调整,也可是生物学上的巨大改变,甚至是新物种的形成,对外来入侵生物的研究,有待于向不同层次和更高水平、多学科交叉的实验与理论研究的方向发展.     

中国管巢蛛属（蜘蛛目：管巢蛛科）一新种

报道采自四川卧龙的管巢蛛科管巢蛛属一新种，卧龙管巢蛛Ｃｌｕｂｉａｎａ ｗｏｌｏｎｇｉｃａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本保存在河北师范大学生物学系。     

The cytogenetics of Lotus (Leguminosae)

Chromosome numbers for 108 species of the genus Lotus (Leguminosae) are now known. This represents an increase of 32 new species which have been reported since a chromosome atlas for Lotus was published in 1965. At this rate, with just over one chromosome number being reported for a new species per year, it will require almost a century for the chromosome numbers to be determined for all of the species in the genus. A review of the cytogenetic features which have been observed in the genus through karyotype analyses, chromosome banding, Feulgen cytophotometry, anther culture, HCN reaction and interspecific hybridization is presented. These include cytomixis and B chromosomes (both found in hybrids of diploid species in the L. corniculatus group when L. alpinus was one of the parents), desynapsis, binucleate cell formation, polytene chromosomes in suspensor cells and trisomics in L. pedunculatus. There has been a reduction of HCN content in the species with evolutionary development which is correlated with basic chromosome number and geographic distribution. Classical karyotype analyses may not be a suitable method to investigate the parentage of L. corniculatus because of the chromosomal repatterning which has occurred during the evolutionary development of the closely related diploid species.     

Review of the genus Helcystogramma Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae: Dichomeridinae) from China

The genus Helcystogramma Zeller from China is reviewed. Of the 20 species treated in this paper, nine are described as new: H. imagibicuneum sp. nov., H. flavifuscum sp. nov., H. brevinodium sp. nov., H. albilepidotum sp. nov., H. angustum sp. nov., H. flavistictum sp. nov., H. furvimaculare sp. nov., H. imagitrijunctum sp. nov. and H. rectangulum sp. nov.; six are newly recorded for this country: H. flavilineolella Ponomarenko, H. bicuneum (Meyrick), H. epicentra (Meyrick), H. perelegans (Omelko et Omelko), H. fuscomarginatum Ueda and H. lutatella (Herrich-Schäffer); the previously unknown females of H. epicentra (Meyrick) and H. hassenzanensis Park et Hodges are described for the first time; H. bicuneum (Meyrick) and H. epicentra (Meyrick) are redescribed; and the misidentification of H. trijunctum (Meyrick) is clarified. These species are arranged into five species groups based on the forewing patterns and the genital characters: the flavilineolella group, the hibisci group, the perelegans group, the triannulella group and the trijunctum group. Images of the adults and the illustrations of the male and female genitalia are provided. A key to distinguish the Chinese species and three maps to show the localities of these species are included.     

New species of Lucicutia and taxonomic status of L. grandis (Copepoda,Calanoida, Lucicutiidae)

Calanoid copepod specimens attributable to Lucicutia grandis (Giesbrecht, ), L. bradyana Cleve, , L. wolfendeni Sewell, , and L. rara Hulsemann, ) were studied from antarctic and subantarctic waters collected during RV Eltanin crusies 4–11 and 23, and RV Ob cruises 1 and 3. In addition, identified specimens from the Pacific and Indian Oceans deposited in the systematic collections of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (Washington, DC, USA) and the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (St Petersburg) were also examined. Both sexes of a new species are described from the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, L. hulsemannae. Lucicutia hulsemannae is distinguished from L. grandis, L. bradyana and L. wolfendeni by the morphology of the rostrum, genital complex, including plug, and leg 5 of both sexes. Lucicutia bradyana is not found outside the Southern Hemisphere but L. grandis is recorded from the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, tropical Indian Ocean, as well as its type locality in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Lucicutia wolfendeni is found in all oceans except the Arctic Ocean. The status of L. bradyana, previously rejected as a separate species by Hulsemann (), is restored. Lucitutia rara is considered a junior synonym of L. bradyana.