Taxonomy and ecology of two endemic freshwater crabs from western Jamaica with the description of a new Sesarma species (Brachyura: Grapsidae: Sesarminae)

The type series of the Jamaican grapsid crab Sesarma windsor Türkay and Diesel, 1994, was re-examined and found to consist of two distinct forms. The holotype represented a form so far only recorded from a freshwater cave in western Jamaica. The other form inhabits burrows in the banks of mountain creeks in western Jamaica and is assigned to a new species, Sesarma fossarum sp. n. Both species are fully described and morphological differences partly interpreted as adaptations to the habitats where they occur. The new species and S. bidentatum Benedict, 1892, both from mountain creeks, closely resemble the cavernicolous S. windsor which suggests a fairly recent invasion of the cave habitat by the latter.     

Northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean hermit crabs (Crustacea: Anomura: Paguroidea: Paguridae). I. The genus Pagurus Fabricius, 1775

A reappraisal of adult taxonomy of N.E. Atlantic and Mediterranean hermit crabs upholds the divisions A & B suggested for the species by MacDonal et al. (1957) from their studies of larval features. The nomenclature of three species is discussed. Pagurus variabilis (A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1892) is relegated to the synonomy of P. alatus Fabricius, 1775 and P. excavatus (Herbst, 1791) is reinstated for Mediterranean and southern N. E. Atlantic material. A provisional check list is given of Paguroidean species occurring within the sea area 30°N–80°N:30°W–30°E and the Mediterranean Sea. An illustrated identification key is provided to the Pagurus species within these regions.     

黑龙江地区淡水冰表面太阳短波辐射与云量关系的优化辨识

依据文献中高纬度海冰区太阳短波辐射与云量关系的参数化方案,利用2009年、2010年两个冬季黑龙江省红旗泡水库现场观测的太阳短波辐射数据和中国气象数据共享网上下载的云量数据,以及观测点的太阳天顶角、太阳时、纬度等数据,根据最小二乘法构造参数辨识模型,用MATLAB编程求解该参数辨识模型,分析得到黑龙江地区淡水冰表面太阳短波辐射与云量关系的参数化方案.     

克氏原螯虾触角腺的组织学研究

本文利用石蜡切片技术对克氏原螯虾触角腺进行了组织学研究，结果表明，克氏原螯虾触角腺可分为端囊、迷路和肾管三部分，端囊部分的细胞呈柱状，细胞核位于基部；迷路部分细胞也呈柱状，其顶端具刷状缘，核位于细胞的基部或中部，迷路部分可分为二个亚区；肾管部分的细胞呈柱状或较为扁平，核位于细胞的中部或靠近细胞顶端，肾管部分可分为三个不同亚区。     

南海溪蟹属一新种记述(十足目:溪蟹科)

记述了采自福建省武平县的淡水蟹类南海属Nanhaipotamon一新种——武平南海溪蟹N.wupingensis sp.nov.本新种头胸甲显著隆起。雄性第1腹肢末部宽大，内侧呈半圆形扩张。外末角呈指状突出，末缘中部明显隆突，蟹体并殖吸虫囊蚴感染率27．3％(3／11)。     

小车轮虫、三分虫种类及周丛小车轮虫种群周年动态——重庆地区淡水车轮虫研究Ⅰ

采用国际统一鉴定及描述车轮虫的方法对重庆地区的5种淡水车轮虫进行了较为详细的重描述,并补充了干银法标本及齿体定位线条图,包括小车轮虫属3种,即周丛小车轮虫、纤细小车轮虫与卡普小车轮虫;三分虫属2种,即鳞三分虫与大型三分虫。其中周丛小车轮虫、卡普小车轮虫以及两种三分虫均为中国新纪录种。同时研究了重庆大足龙水湖的鲫鱼外寄生车轮虫———周丛小车轮虫Trichodinella epizootica(Raabe,1950)Sram ek-Husek,1953的种群周年动态。     

Temporal and seasonal variations in parasites of Metynnis lippincottianus (Characiformes: Characidae), a host from the eastern Amazon (Brazil)

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the influence of temporal and seasonal variation (rainy/dry cycle) on the component community structure and infracommunities of parasites in Metynnis lippincottianus from the eastern Amazon (Brazil). A total of 8,774 parasites representing 9 species and 22,765 parasites representing 12 species was collected in 2011 and 2016 respectively, but only 42.8% of the species were common to both study years. In both years, there was a dominance of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and the component community was 51% dissimilar. The species richness of parasites and the Berger–Parker dominance were higher in 2016, while the evenness and Brillouin diversity were higher in 2011. The prevalence and abundance of I. multifiliis and P. pillulare, as well as the prevalence of Contracaecum sp. were higher in the rainy season. The abundance of Anacanthorus strongylophalus, Urocleidoides sp., Dadayus pacupeva and Dadaytrema oxycephala was higher in the dry season. Infection with Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus was not influenced by the season, while by Trichodina sp. occurred only in the dry season and Ergasilus xinguensis only in the rainy season. The species richness of parasites, Brillouin diversity index and evenness were higher in the dry season, while the Berger–Parker index was higher in the rainy season. Temporal variation of communities and infracommunities of parasites was influenced by the body size of host populations and increase in anthropogenic impacts. Effect of seasons on environmental quality, host size and availability of infective stages of parasites were the determining factors in structuring the component communities and infracommunities of parasites.     

The morphological and functional variability of pleon-holding mechanisms in selected Eubrachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda)

Eubrachyurans not only exhibit a crab-like body shape, consisting of a mostly wide cephalothorax and a thin, shield-like pleon folded underneath it, but reportedly hold the pleon in this position with the use of specialized holding structures. To further our knowledge of the variability of these holding structures, and investigate their functionality, male and female crabs from five primary freshwater crab and five selected thoracotreme families were examined with stereomicroscopy. Exemplary specimens of each group were documented photographically and with micro-computed tomography to illustrate the holding structures in situ. The results show a press-button mechanism of variable shape in freshwater crabs, where divergent structures possibly support pleon attachment of different effectiveness. The press-button is present in the majority of basal heterotreme lineages, and is therefore regarded as an ancestral character of the Heterotremata. In the Thoracotremata, multiple holding mechanisms are identified: press-button, clasping apparatus, overhanging edge, and increased setae cover on sternal plates, with the last system probably only effective in terrestrial species, due to wet adhesion effects. The ancestral character state in the Thoracotremata is debatable, but most likely also a functional press-button was present. Each holding mechanism requires different pleon movements to engage and disengage. Additionally, in contrast to the most common press-button mechanism, divergent holding mechanisms tend to be present, and likely functional, in adult males and females.     

环境钙浓度对淡水育珠蚌外套膜及珍珠囊钙代谢的影响

作者采用多种组织化学方法及等离子光谱技术,研究了不同环境钙浓度对淡水育珠蚌钙代谢的影响。发现与对照组（钙浓度约１０ｇ／ｍ＾３）相比,较高钙浓度（２０～３０／ｍ＾３）条件下三角帆蚌外套膜组织钙含量增加,外套膜内外表皮和珍珠囊上皮细胞的分泌活动旺盛;与之相反,高钙浓度条件下（３０ｇ／ｍ＾３以上）,蚌外套膜组织钙含量降低,外套膜内外表皮和珍珠囊上皮细胞的分泌活动下降。这表明环境中适宜的钙浓度可促进蚌对钙