Molecular phylogeny of the specialized schizothoracine fishes （Teleostei： Cyprinidae）,with their implications for the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Molecular phylogeny of three genera containing nine species and subspecies of the specialized schizothoracine fishes are investigated based on the complete nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Meantime relationships between the main cladogenetic events of the specialized schizothoracine fishes and the stepwise uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are also conducted using the molecular clock, which is calibrated by geological isolated events between the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the Qinghai Lake. Results indicated that the specialized schizothoracine fishes are not a monophyly. Five species and subspecies of Ptychobarbus form a monophyly. But three species of Gymnodiptychus do not form a monophyly. Gd.integrigymnatus is a sister taxon of the highly specialized schizothoracine fishes while Gdo pachycheilus has a close relation with Gd. dybowskii, and both of them are as a sister group of Diptychus maculatus. The specialized schizothoracines fishes might have originated during the Miocene(about 10 MaBP), and then the divergence of three genera happened during late Miocene (about 8 MaBP). Their main specialization occurred during the late Pliocene and Pleistocene (3.54-0.42 MaBP). The main cladogenetic events of the specialized schizothoracine fishes are mostly correlated with the geological tectonic events and intensive climate shift happened at 8, 3.6, 2.5 and 1.7 MaBP of the late Cenozoic.Molecular clock data do not support the hypothesis that the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau uplifted to near present or even higher elevations during the Oligocene or Miocene, and neither in agreement with the view that the plateau uplifting reached only to an altitude of 2000 m during the late Pliocene(about 2.6 MaBP).     

两种优化的提纯鱼类线粒体DNA的方法

以鱼类的卵巢、肝脏为材料，采用两种方法制备并纯化了线粒体DNA（mtDNA），并进行了琼脂糖电泳检查。结果表明，两种方法都能获取高浓度的mtDNA样品，且收得率都较高。     

我国大洋性金枪鱼渔业发展探讨

从分析金枪鱼类主要经济种类的资源状况着手,阐述了我国远洋金枪鱼渔业的发展现状及存在问题,探讨我国今后发展大洋性金枪鱼渔业的紧迫性、重要性,并进一步提出了发展大洋性金枪鱼渔业的对策.     

Estimated evolutionary tempo of East Asian gobionid fishes (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from mitochondrial DNA sequence data

The rapid development of molecular phylogenetic analysis has provided a new path to investigate the tempo of evolution.In this work,a rather complete molecular phylogeny of the East Asian gobionid fishes was constructed based on mtDNA cytochrome b gene sequences.Molecular clock analysis was then applied to investigate the speciation tempo of this group.The phylogenetic analysis revealed four major groups that were in agreement with previous studies.Lineage numbers plotted over time indicate that gobionid li...     

深海沉积物中产淀粉酶细菌的rep-PCR基因指纹分析

利用淀粉酶筛选培养基平板从27个深海沉积物样品中筛选得到30个具有胞外淀粉酶活性的菌株.其中革兰氏阴性细菌有22株,阳性细菌有8株.对这些细菌的基因组DNA进行ERICPCR和BOXPCR扩增,指纹图谱显示大部分菌株均存在数目不等的各自独特的带型,各特异性扩增的主带型能重复稳定出现.比较两种引物的指纹图谱,显示ERICPCR比BOXPCR具有较丰富的图谱多态性.对产生的指纹图谱进行聚类学分析,30株细菌可分为10组,其中5株细菌分别独立成组,最多的第Ⅱ组包含有8株细菌,而在同一聚类组内的细菌可能是处于进化上亲缘关系较近的位置.研究显示,30株菌具有丰富的种属多样性,揭示了深海微生物资源的丰富和潜力.ERICPCR和BOXPCR技术可用于对深海微生物群落组成和多样性的研究.     

Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the highly specialized grade schizothoracine fishes （Teleostei： Cyprinidae） inferred from cytochrome b sequences

We recovered the phylogenetic relationships among 23 species and subspecies of the highly special-ized grade schizothoracine fishes distributing at 36 geographical sites in the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding regions by analyzing sequences of cytochrome b genes. Furthermore, we estimated the possible divergent times among lineages based on a historical geological isolation event in the Tibetan Plateau. The molecular data revealed that the highly specialized grade schizothoracine fishes were not a monophyletic group, but were the same as genera Gymnocypris and Schizogypsis. Our results indi-cated that the molecular phylogenetic relationships apparently reflected their geographical and historical associations with drainages, namely species from the same and adjacent drainages clustered together and had close relationships. The divergence times of different lineages were well consistent with the rapid uplift phases of the Tibetan Plateau in the late Cenozoic, suggesting that the origin and evolution of schizothoracine fishes were strongly influenced by environment changes resulting from the upheaval of the Tibetan Plateau.     

长江河口及其邻近海域的自然环境

本文概述了长江河口演变过程和水下三角洲的形成机理,河口地区潮汐作用、波浪作用和近岸流系的性质以及长江口外淡水扩散及其对邻近海域的影响等问题。本文还讨论了长江河口环流类型和特征、最大浑浊带分布及其变化、潮滩和水下三角洲的发育以及河口地区生物与环境的关系等。根据上述多方面环境因子的分析并进行汇总,作者对长江河口及其邻近海域的自然环境特征作出了评价。