Siliceous microplankton fluxes and seasonal variations in the central South China Sea during 1993–1995: monsoon climate and El Niño responses

Seasonal variations of radiolarian and diatom fluxes in the central South China Sea during 1993–1995 were overwhelmingly controlled by monsoon climate. Radiolarian and diatom increased obviously during the Northeast (from November to February) and Southwest (from June to September) monsoons and decreased during the periods between the monsoons. The change of circulation driven by the monsoons improved water exchange in the different areas that brought rich nutrient materials for the surface microplankton, thereby enhancing radiolarian and diatom fluxes. Variation of radiolarian flux coincided with organic carbon flux, surface primary and export productivities. High radiolarian flux corresponded to high surface primary productivity. Radiolarian and diatom fluxes raised abnormally during 1994–1995 could be attributed to the El Nino event during the period.     

Climate instability in the Yili region, Xinjiang during the last glaciation

The climate is influenced by westerlies year in year out and the aeolian loess is widespread in the Yili region, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Through the study of the loess section with a thickness of 21.5 m, much useful information about climatic change in this region during the last glaciation was gotten. Grain size analysis of loess samples in the section showed that the climatic change in the Yili region was of instability during the last glaciation and similar to those of the North Atlantic Ocean and Greenland. In correspondence with the Heinrich events, the percentage of the size fraction of loess with grain size less than 10 μm decreased in cold stadials in the Yili region. This result suggests that the westerly wind be strengthened during the cold periods. Compared with the stadials, the content of the loess with grain size less than 10 μm was increased in interstadials, which indicated that the strength of the westerly wind was weakened. It is obvious that the climate was instable not only in the North Atlantic Ocean and polar regions, but also in other areas of Northern Hemisphere during the last glaciation.     

Respondence and feedback of modern sand deserts to climate change

The research on the respondence and feedback of modern sand deserts to the climate change is an important component part in the studies on the global climate change. Deserts respond to the climate change, meanwhile, they affect the climate with their feedback of peculiar environment during the respondence. Many researches on desert climate have been carried out at home and abroad. However, there is little research on the respondence and feedback of modern fixed, semi-fixed and mobile deserts in arid areas to the climate change, in which the factor analysis as well as the parameter changing effects is especially the difficult problem all along. In this note, the parameters of the respondence and feedback of Gurbantunggut Desert to the climate change are measured and analyzed, some variable parameters of water-heat exchange are obtained, and a numerical model of desertification is developed according to a series of climate change of about 40 years and the variable relations of meteorological and physical features of the sand surface in Gurbantunggut Desert.     

局地短期气候预测的关联度方法

针对局地短期气候变化的非线性特征及其难以用模型准确刻画的现状 ,根据预报误差最小原理 ,引入关联度分析 ,提出了一种关于局地短期气候预测的关联度方法 .应用此方法对年际变化剧烈的蒙自 5月雨量进行了预报试验 ,预测结果令人满意 .     

近50a葫芦河流域气候变化特征

根据静宁、秦安两站的水文气象资料,分析了葫芦河流域近50a气候变化特征.采用Mann-Kendall法分析,结果显示近50a气温总体呈上升趋势,降水量呈下降走向.利用Meyer小波及Morlet小波分别分析并相互检验校正葫芦河流域年均气温及年降水量的主要变化周期,其中:年平均气温普遍存在30a以上,22,12~14,10a左右的中长周期以及4～7,2～3a的短周期,而年降水量存在30a以上,20,12~14,10a左右的中长周期以及6～8,2～4a的短周期.近50a葫芦河流域河川径流的变化主要受当地降水波动的影响.     

青藏高原典型区域沙尘天气与气候要素关系分析

利用青藏高原沙尘活动典型区内10个站点的气象观测资料,分析了高原东北部、北部、西部、西南部近40多年来沙尘活动日数的演变规律及其与平均气温、相对湿度、平均风速、降水量等主要气候要素的相关关系.结果表明:近40年来,研究区内沙尘活动主要集中于冬、春两季,年沙尘活动日数、年均风速处于下降趋势,年均气温、年降水量呈现上升趋势,年均相对湿度变化平缓.沙尘活动日数与各气象因子在不同的时间尺度有不同的相关关系.除共和、都兰、格尔木、拉孜、山南月沙尘活动日数对月均气温滞后的正相关性显著提高外,其他站点、气候要素对于沙尘活动的影响均没有滞后效应.沙尘天气的高发期对应着暖干气候,低发期对应着冷湿气候.     

吉隆盆地构造、环境演化与青藏高原隆升

位于喜马拉雅北麓的晚新生代吉隆断陷盆地,在中新世晚期-上新世沉积了总厚约300m的河湖相地层。根据沉积学、碳氧同位素及控盆构造分析,结合已有的古生物学孢粉学资料,恢复了晚新生代盆地构造控制、沉积环境、气候变动及其演变过程;探讨了构造演化和气候变动两者之间的耦合关系;指出盆地由早期半封闭型断陷湖盆,中期开放型湖盆,向后期封闭型湖盆的演化。     

Testing the ability of RIEMS2.0 to simulate multi-year precipitation and air temperature in China

RIEMS2.0 （Regional Integrated Environment Modeling System, Version 2.0） is now being developed starting from RIEMS1.0 by the Key Laboratory of Regional Climate Environment Research for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. In order to test RIEMS2.0’s ability to simulate long-term climate and its changes, as well as provide a basis for further development and applications, we compare simulated precipitation and air temperature from 1980 to 2007 （simulation duration from Jan. 1, 1979 to Dec. 31, 2007） under different cumulus parameterization schemes with the observed data. The results show that RIEMS2.0 can reproduce the spatial distribution of precipitation and air temperature, but that the model overestimates precipitation with the rainfall center moving northwestward and underestimates air temperature for annual simulations. Annual and interannual variations in precipitation and air temperature for different climate subregions are well captured by the model. Further analysis of summer and winter simulations shows that precipitation is overestimated, except for the Jianghuai-Jiangnan subregions in the winter, and the air temperature bias in the summer is weaker than in the winter. There are larger biases for precipitation and air temperature in semiarid subregions. Anomalies in precipitation and air temperature are also well captured by the model. Although a similar distribution can be found between observed data and simulated results under different cumulus parameterization schemes, these show differences in intensity and location. In sum, RIEMS2.0 shows good stability and does well in simulating the long-term climate and its changes in China.     

宁夏灵武直罗组植物化石及沉积岩对灵武恐龙生活时代古环境的指示

宁夏灵武直罗组植物化石及泥岩地球化学特征记录了灵武龙生活时代直罗组沉积期的地质信息。通过对灵武地区中侏罗统直罗组孢粉和植物化石的采集分析,对直罗组泥岩的常量及微量元素分析,针对该区古气候、古盐度、古氧化还原环境进行探讨并简要分析古沉积环境演化。直罗组孢粉类型以湿生为主,茎秆类植物化石大都为湿生蕨类植物,反映了当时温暖湿润的气候,相比延安组植物化石组合,直罗期开始向炎热干旱气候演化。泥岩元素地球化学分析显示从直罗组沉积早期到晚期,古气候由温湿气候逐渐变得干旱,整体处于弱还原环境,沉积环境氧化作用减弱而在直罗晚期氧化作用具增强之势,同直罗组呈微咸水相的淡水环境并且晚期水体古盐度增大一致,揭示直罗组沉积晚期相比早期气候更加干旱,且相比延安组气候开始向炎热干旱气候演化,直罗组沉积时期处于由温暖潮湿变得炎热干旱的过渡期。     

青藏高原极端天气气候变化及其环境效应*

 青藏高原气候变化敏感性强、幅度大,而极端天气气候变化是高原生态、环境变化的重要驱动因素。过去几十年高原气温增暖幅度明显大于全国平均值,高原绝大部分地区极端高温事件频次显著上升、极端低温事件频次显著下降,并伴随有风速和地表感热加热等气候要素的显著变化。高原极端天气气候事件以及相应的地表和大气热源变化会对高原周边区域天气气候产生重要影响。高原冬春季积雪、春季感热强度以及夏季高原低涡东移发展是东亚夏季风异常和旱涝灾害预报的重要指标,可影响到其下游地区的大气环流和中国东部的天气气候异常。为构建稳固的青藏高原生态屏障,深化对高原极端天气气候环境事件及其对周边区域气候变化影响的研究,建议国家加强高原上对流层-下平流层水汽和微量成分输送过程与机制的研究,加强高原湿地及其对周边区域气候环境变化的影响研究,以及加大投入灾害卫星监测和灾害预警系统的能力建设。