封山育林是加快太行山绿化的重要途径

介绍了封山育林的概念和封山育林的优势,阐述了封山育林的对象、条件、类型、方式和封山育林的年限,提出了加快太行山封山育林的对策。     

黄土丘陵区乡村聚落土壤水蚀观测研究

基于区域地貌差异,采用定点观测与综合分析方法,对布设在榆林、延安两市的3个观测小区的户间道路、户间空地、庭院进行了水蚀定位观测分析.结果显示,研究区乡村聚落的平均侵蚀强度为2722.2 t/km2,尤以户间空地平均侵蚀强度最大,为4380.9 t/km2.延安市宝塔区乡村聚落平均侵蚀量最大,为5311.9 t/km2.表明黄土丘陵区乡村聚落土壤侵蚀普遍较为严重,降雨是直接驱动力,人为活动尤其是土地利用方式影响也很明显,应加强研究,积极防治.     

大运河历史文化环境保护支持系统

为实现大运河动态监测和管理,根据空间信息科学和历史文化遗产保护理论,探讨了基于空间信息技术的京杭大运河历史文化环境保护方法流程和技术路线,研制了大运河历史文化环境保护支持系统,并实际应用于南水北调东线一期工程的大运河历史文化环境保护研究工作,产生了一系列专题研究成果。结果表明,空间信息技术可以为历史文化环境保护提供强有力的技术支持和可靠保障,可以为缓解大运河历史文化环境保护与南水北调工程建设的矛盾、为大运河申报世界文化遗产作出重要贡献。     

中国居民生活方式和能耗关系的研究

近年来，随着经济的快速发展和人民生活水平的不断改善，中国居民的生活能耗持续增长．由发达国家和地区的先进经验可知，居住建筑的特点和居民的日常生活方式都对居住建筑能耗有影响．为了清楚了解居住建筑能耗与生活方式之间的关系，开找出4常生活甲有利于节能的措施，笔者在2006／2007平4个孕节中各选择一周，对杭州地区100户家庭进行了能耗和生活方式的调查．经过统计分析，发现居民日常生活方式与能耗有密切联系，并找到了一些日常生活中有利于节能的合理措施；而且通过在调查中对居民进行节能教育后，发现居民的节能意识和行为都有一定的改善，并伴随能耗的降低．     

Microhabitat diversity of Svalbard Bryozoa

Bryozoans are one of the major macrofaunal groups of the high polar regions. Here we present data on the nature of bryozoan assemblages in the Svalbard Archipelago sampled over 6 years between 1997 and 2002. Samples were collected with use of Van Veen grab, dredge and Scuba diving at depths ranging from 0 to 268?m. Among examined material (5026 items) bryozoans were present on one type of abiotic (stones) and 40 types of biotic substrata. The biotic substrata we investigated included algae (12 taxa) and invertebrates (28 taxa: Hydrozoa, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Polychaeta, Crustacea, Ascidiacea, other Bryozoa). Both a priori ANOSIM (Global R?=?0.512, P?=?0.001) and cluster analyses reveal differences between the assemblages on different types of substrata. Cluster analyses distinguish two distinct groups of substrata. The first (stable) included stones, molluscs and Balanus balanus whilst the second (flexible) consisted of algae, hydrozoans and bryozoans. Bryozoan assemblages which colonized different substrata, varied in terms of species composition and their dominance. Bryozoan species were categorized as generalists, low‐specificity epibiotic species or locally abundant background species. No species were found to be substratum‐specific to any type. Among substrata with the richest bryozoan fauna were stones (156 taxa), Chlamys islandica (68) and Balanus balanus (62). There were clear patterns in the distribution of substrata colonized by bryozoans within the fjord system: those shallow near the mouth were rich whilst those in deeper water were depauperate. We consider environmental gradients such as siltation and processes related to depth to be responsible for such patterns.     

Small giants from Madagascan caves: autapomorphic giantism in the new cave-dwelling planthopper Tsingya clarkei gen. nov., sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Meenoplidae)

A new giant cave-dwelling species of planthopper of the family Meenoplidae (Fulgoromorpha) is described from the Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park in western Madagascar, with information on its distribution and ecology. As the new species could not be placed in any of the previously described genera, a new genus is established. This is the first record of a cavernicolous meenoplid from the Afrotropical Region, and the second cave-dwelling Fulgoromorphan species from Madagascar. It is also the second example of island gigantism in the Fulgoromorpha from Madagascar.     

Redescription of Unio tumidiformis Castro, 1885 (Bivalvia,Unionidae), an endemism from the south-western Iberian Peninsula

The ground plan of the bot flies (Oestridae, part) is compared with those of Ephydroidea and Calyptratae. Comparative anatomy suggests that the bot flies are unlikely to have arisen from within Calyptratae and that their derivation from near the base of Ephydroidea is more probable. A large body of evidence is assembled to counter the theory that would place Oestridae within the Tachinidae family-group. It is shown that Hippoboscoidea is unlikely to be monophyletic. The fit of Glossinidae to the suggested ground plan profile of the Ephydroidea/bot flies is shown to be good.     

论开口系统稳定流动时热能与机械能的转换关系

开口系统稳定流动时由热能转换而成的机械能是工质的膨胀功，它与进出口推动功的代数和称对技术功，使用技术功的方式取决于热力设备的胜任。     

Study on Soil and Water Conservation Benefit Models of Grassland Ecosystem-A Case Study on Jianou Mountain Grassland Ecosystem

This paper studies the mechanism of grassland ecosystem＇s soil and water conservation function on the basis of two years experiment and inspection in Jianou mountain grassland ecosystem experiment station, Fujian province. After analysis on the data of soil erosion and runoff coefficient, relations between eroded soil. runoff and slope gradient, we establish soil and water conservation benefit models. According to the models, experiment and inspection results, some proposals have been made to decrease the area of soil erosion in Fujian mountainous areas, e. g. , optimizing land use structure in mountainous areas, taking suitable measures for local condition, closing hills for grassland development, accelerating restoration and raising quality of mountain grassland ecosystem, strengthening scientific and technological input, breeding the grass species that are suitable to local physical geographic condition.     

循环流化床锅炉的特点及经济性分析

从循环流化床锅炉的结构及燃烧机理上 ,说明它的五大优点 ,并从与链条炉进行的经济性对比分析中 ,可以看出使用循环流化床锅炉的经济效益非常显著