New and little‐known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea,Tunicata) from Australia (Part 3)

The majority of the 58 species discussed, including 10 new species, were collected by scuba divers at 5–10?m in waters around Australia. Species are from Leptoclinides (11), Polysyncraton (11), Didemnum (19), Trididemnum (7), Lissoclinum (8), Clitella (1), and Diplosoma (1), and new species are in all except Trididemnum and Diplosoma. Additional characters (including a pyloric vesicle reported previously in the Holozoidae and several unrelated didemnid taxa) have been detected for the monotypic genus Clitella Kott, , which is recorded for only the second time. A review of known Australian ascidian species confirms the Didemnidae as the most speciose ascidian family in these waters. In this family, there appears not to be appreciable gene flow between tropical and temperate waters and few species have a continuous tropical–temperate range. A preponderance of Western Pacific non‐indigenous species is in the north, while indigenous species, some probably isolated from related tropical ones, are dominant in the temperate waters of the southern half of the continent. Although intraspecific variation and convergence obscures species differences, some aspects of the living organisms detected in in situ photographs contribute to identification. Keys to Australian didemnid species described since the publication of the Australian Ascidiacea part 4, Didemnidae (Kott ) are included.     

Reproductive strategies of two sympatric species of Hyalella Smith, 1874 (Amphipoda,Dogielinotidae) in laboratory conditions

This study was performed in order to test theoretical predictions that sympatric species might show different reproductive strategies to facilitate their coexistence. The duration of precopulatory mate‐guarding behaviour, body size of ovigerous females, embryonic and postembryonic development time, fecundity, and viability of the sympatric amphipod species Hyalella pleoacuta and H. castroi were investigated under laboratory conditions (19±1°C and 12 h light/dark photoperiod). Specimens were collected with nets in autumn and spring 2004, and summer and winter 2005 in the Vale das Trutas, São José dos Ausentes County, southern Brazil, and transported to the laboratory. Both species of Hyalella showed similar reproductive strategies, especially in respect to the duration of the precopula, duration of the embryonic period, and fecundity. However, these species differed in body size of ovigerous females, duration of the postembryonic period, viability, and body size of juveniles that remained in the marsupium and those released by females. These differences in the reproductive traits of H. pleoacuta and H. castroi may facilitate their coexistence in nature.     

进城农民工子女学校适应性研究——基于安徽省合肥市29中的一项调查研究

以合肥市29中的271名初中生为被试,采用问卷法和访谈法对进城农民工子女的学校适应性进行调查研究。研究结果：（1）进城农民工子女总体学校适应性不高;（2）被试在适应性量表中的行事效率和人际疏离维度上存在明显的性别差异,男生明显高于女生;（3）被试在适应性量表中各维度上存在明显的年级差异;（4）经过访谈发现,被试渴求得到社会各界的关爱。     

A Study of Value‐at‐Risk Based on M‐Estimators of the Conditional Heteroscedastic Models

In this paper, we investigate the performance of a class of M‐estimators for both symmetric and asymmetric conditional heteroscedastic models in the prediction of value‐at‐risk. The class of estimators includes the least absolute deviation (LAD), Huber's, Cauchy and B‐estimator, as well as the well‐known quasi maximum likelihood estimator (QMLE). We use a wide range of summary statistics to compare both the in‐sample and out‐of‐sample VaR estimates of three well‐known stock indices. Our empirical study suggests that in general Cauchy, Huber and B‐estimator have better performance in predicting one‐step‐ahead VaR than the commonly used QMLE. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The atyid shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) rostrum: phylogeny versus adaptation,taxonomy versus trophic ecology

Cave shrimps of the subgenus Troglocaris (Atyidae), exhibit high variability in rostral length and dentition. In shrimp populations that co-occur with the amphibian predator Proteus anguinus, longer rostra armed with more numerous teeth are recorded. These shrimps are also larger than those living in a presumably Proteus-free environment. Discrepancies between molecularly established phylogenetic relationships and distributions of rostral length, as well as body size, directed our search towards possible environmental influences. These discrepancies suggest that rostral shape is not a reliable taxonomic character in some generic and many specific diagnoses in Atyidae. We discuss some taxonomic consequences of sexual and ontogenetic rostral differences with regard to the molecular phylogenetic tree. In preliminary laboratory observations, no frontal attack by Proteus was successful on shrimps with long rostra. Proteus also needed more time to swallow shrimps with long rostra.     

消费社会的意识形态批判与资本异化的反抗——列斐伏尔“日常生活批判”哲学及其启示意义

列斐伏尔的"日常生活批判"揭示了消费社会的意识形态性,资产阶级通过对"日常生活"的建构,压制了人的革命性,掩盖了其剥削和压迫的强制性,使得剥削和压迫披上了理性外衣。要反抗这种异化,必须"让日常生活成为艺术品",摆脱日常行为异化的强制。"日常生活批判"释放了日常生活革命的可能性,戳穿了意识形态的虚假性,成为我们反抗现代物化与量化统治力量的新的革命起点。但由于缺乏马克思政治经济斗争支持,"日常生活"又失去其真正革命意义。     

一类捕食者－食饵系统的Hopf分枝

考虑一类具有偏食习惯的捕食者与被捕食者模型。分析了该系统的奇点类型及稳定性。利用中心流形定理和Ｈｏｐｆ分枝理论证明了该系统在一定条件下产生Ｈｏｐｆ分枝，得到了中心流形的具体表达式。     

进化生态学的若干重要问题

在分析进化生态学的种种提法的基础上作者主张用Ｏｒｉａｎｓ＆Ｌａｃｋ的定义来规范进化生态学。生态适应是进化生态学的最基本概念，进化生态学就是关于生态适应进化规律的科学；作者还强调了进化生态学在生命科学和生态学中的地位以及它与生态遗传学的关系。此外，文中提到了进化生态学研究中存在的目的论倾向以及平衡理论中存在的问题。     

特异性抗体和特异性免疫复合物的检测对结核病的诊断意义

以ＥＬＩＳＡ检测１０８例活动性肺结核、３９例稳定期肺结核、３０例肿瘤、１０１例非结核性肺部疾病患者及２０２例正常人血清的抗结核菌纯蛋白衍生物（ＰＰＤ）ＩｇＧ抗体（简称抗－ＰＰＤ）和循环免疫复合物（ＣＩＣ）中的抗－ＰＰＤＩｇＧ抗体（简称ＣＩＣ－ＰＰＤ）。结果表明，活动性肺结核患者的抗－ＰＰＤ和ＣＩＣ－ＰＰＤ水平明显高于正常人和各疾病组患者的水平（Ｐ＜０．００１），但与其病变范围无关。单一测定活动性肺结核患者的抗－ＰＰＤ，敏感性为８５．２％，特异性为９８．５％；测定ＣＩＣ－ＰＰＤ，敏感性为８６．１％．特异性９６．９％。以两者任一项阳性作为诊断活动性肺结核的标准，则敏感性为９３．５％。此外，对１１例活动性肺结核患者的动态观察表明，随着治疗天数的增加和临床症状的改善，患者的抗－ＰＰＤ和ＣＩＣ－ＰＰＤ水平会逐渐降低，前者于治疗后第２０～２４周降至正常水平，后者则于治疗后第１２～１６周降至正常值。研究结果提示测定患者的抗－ＰＰＤ和ＣＩＣ－ＰＰＤ的水平，可用于结核病诊断，对结核病的疗效判定亦有帮助。     

一类食饵种群具有常数存放率的捕食者—被捕食者系统的定性分析

本文对具有 Holling 第二类功能性反应的食饵——捕食者两种群且食饵种群具有常数存放率的系统进行了定性分析.主要讨论了:平衡点的性态,可行平衡点的全局渐近稳定性,解的有界性,系统无极限环的条件和正平衡点周围存在唯一稳定极限环的条件.同时对这些结论的生态意义也给于了说明.