水资源问题的现状及对策

本文阐述了我国水资源问题的现状 ,分析了水资源问题的原因 ,探讨解决水资源问题的对策     

仿红木水热处理初探

仿红木试验涉及到水热处理、干燥、化学处理、表面涂饰等。水热处理的实质是用热水浸泡木材,溶解出木材内部的胶质物质,疏通水分的通道,以利于减少干燥缺陷,同时便于化学药剂的浸注处理,从而提高其物理力学性能。     

多重阀门关闭降低高压管道水击压力的机理和实验研究

高压管道中阀门的关闭会产生水击压力,水击压力过大会破坏管道系统,造成严重的安全事故。提出一种多重阀门关闭降低水击的新方法。为了得到管道内水击压力,采用CFD软件仿真进行计算。多重阀门关闭方法相较于一般的单个阀门关闭,有效地降低了管道中产生的水击压力;并通过试验验证了多重阀关闭方法的有效性。在此基础上完成了双阀门关闭模型的各参数影响水击压力数值的模拟仿真计算,得到上游阀门开度、阀门关闭速度、两阀门间距对水击压力的影响规律。通过对比三阀门关闭模型的水击压力模拟仿真计算,得到双阀门是最优选择的结论。研究结果提出了一种降低高压管道中的水击压力的新方法,对高压管道的安全输送有重要意义。     

川中须家河组致密砂岩储层含气性预测

川中须家河组气藏为典型的大面积、低丰度、致密岩性气藏类型,资源潜力巨大,是四川盆地增产上储重要层系;但该类气藏储层薄、非均质性强、气水关系非常复杂,如何提高含气富集区(甜点)预测精度和建立气水识别方法是须家河组气藏勘探开发最关键的问题。从储层岩石物理分析和模型正演等基础研究入手,深入分析不同岩性组合下气层和水层的振幅随偏移距变化(amplitade variation with offset,AVO)响应特征,建立了一套以AVO叠前道集、近远道叠加剖面对比分析为基础,AVO主振幅主频率技术为核心的须家河组致密气藏检测及气水层识别新思路和新方法,生产应用效果显著。     

Analysis of the global T_m–T_s correlation and establishment of the latitude-related linear model

In this study,the correlation between Tm,a key variable in GNSS water vapor inversion,and surface temperature(Ts)was calculated on a global scale based on the global geodetic observing system(GGOS)atmosphere Tmdata and European centre for medium-range weather forecasts(ECMWF)surface temperature data.The results show that their correlation is mainly affected by latitudes,and the correlation is stronger at high latitudes and weaker at low latitudes.Although the correlation is relatively weak in the tropic areas,the temperature changes so little in a year in these areas that we can still achieve good Tmresults by linear regression model.Based on these facts,‘‘GGOS atmosphere’’Tmdata and ECMWF Tsdata from 2005 to2011 were used to establish the global latitude-related linear regression model.The new model has root mean square error(RMSE)of 3.2,3.3,and 4.4 K,respectively,compared with respect to the‘‘GGOS atmosphere’’data,COSMIC data,and radiosonde data and is more accurate than the Bevis Tm–Tsrelationship.     

Theoretical advances of the structures and catalytic activities of small-sized gold nanoclusters

Gold nanoclusters exhibit extraordinary catalytic activities,but the dominating factor is still unclear due to the complexity of the structures.In this review,we briefly summarized the recent theoretical progress on their structures and catalytic activities.Combining the experimental and theoretical efforts,the structures of small-sized gold clusters have been explored systematically.Based on the determined structures,factors that influence the catalytic capabilities of small-sized gold clusters(Au_(16)-Au_(35))are studied using CO oxidation asa probe.The preadsorption energies of CO and O_2are found strongly correlated with catalytic activities,which could be affected by the clusters'geometries,sizes,and charge distributions.In addition,the presence of water could significantly lower the activation energy barrier of O_2 dissociation to enhance the clusters'catalytic activities.     

传统文化视野下的“水泊梁山”及其局限性分析

意识形态的混乱与吏治败坏是造成中国传统社会失范的两大因素。古典小说《水浒传》艺术地呈现了北宋末年社会存在的失范状况,同时,它又根据中国传统文化所提供的小康社会的信息,在梁山上建立起一个乌托邦性质的小社会。但是,由于传统文化特别是"忠义"道德观念的局限性,好汉们进行的秩序重建是不完善的,它从根源上无法解决导致社会失范的因素。     

山东运河区域经济对《水浒传》成书时代上限的有限界定

同宋江起义历史本事及以宋江起义为素材的各种文艺作品相比,《水浒传》中的宋江起义有明显的变化:规模上扩大了,改变了流寇主义的斗争形式,在山东梁山建立了根据地。起义队伍规模的扩大及于山东梁山建立根据地也相应地对山东运河区域提出要求———鲁西地区提供相当程度的物质供应;而梁山起义军在短时间内筹集到300万石军粮决定了《水浒传》产生时期与山东运河区域的经济繁荣密不可分。考察山东运河区域经济的历史状况,能够得出《水浒传》成书的上限在明永乐宣德年之后的结论。     

浅谈城市污水回用

城市污水回用是解决水资源短缺的有效途径。本文从水资源的短缺和城市水环境的污染,论述了城市污水回用的重要性,并简单介绍了城市污水净化技术和回用现状。     

化乐勘探区煤矿水文地质特征及充水因素分析

以化乐勘探区煤矿为例,对化乐勘探区煤矿的水文地质特征、含隔水层特征、地下水动态及含水层间的水力联系等因素进行分析,并分析了化乐勘探区煤矿的充水因素。